“新文化”语境下中国哲学研究的方法论困境及其重建可能——兼论胡适《中国哲学史大纲》的价值与限度

发布时间：2019-03-06 14:05

【摘要】：学界关于中国哲学研究的方法论困境表现为由于中西分属不同的文明系统,因此注重逻辑分析的论证方法不可用于注重了悟、体验、践行的中国传统。此种方法论困境的产生以"异质他者"作为理解中西文明的理论预设,这是一种前提谬误,"异质他者"的预设不合法。此种方法论困境主要体现在冯友兰所开创的中国哲学史研究"典范"系统下。在中国哲学史研究领域,学界较为认可的看法是胡适为"开山"而冯友兰为"典范",然而两种评价是基于不同的标准得出的,从哲学界定以及方法论角度看,胡冯不是承继关系,而是为中国哲学研究开辟了两种不同的路数。对于中国哲学未来研究而言,我们需要重估胡适所尝试开创的出路。具体而言:研究侧重上要以问题为中心而非以某种学说为标准,思维方式上要开放自我主体性、自觉培育理性思维方法,文化比较上要自觉分清不同的问题域,方法运用上要依据问题域选择对应的方法并明了限度。
[Abstract]:The methodological dilemma of Chinese philosophical research in academic circles is that the Chinese and western countries belong to different civilized systems, so the argumentation method which emphasizes logical analysis can not be used to pay attention to the Chinese tradition of understanding, experience and practice. The emergence of this kind of methodological dilemma is based on the theoretical presupposition of understanding Chinese and Western civilization by "heterogeneous others", which is a kind of premise fallacy, and the presupposition of "heterogeneous others" is illegitimate. This kind of methodological dilemma is mainly reflected in the "model" system of the study of the history of Chinese philosophy initiated by Feng Youlan. In the field of the study of the history of Chinese philosophy, scholars agree that Hu Shi is the "model" for "opening the mountain" and Feng Youlan "the model". However, the two kinds of evaluation are based on different criteria, from the perspective of philosophical definition and methodology. Hu Feng is not a successor, but has opened two different paths for the study of Chinese philosophy. For the future study of Chinese philosophy, we need to reassess Hu Shi's attempt to create a way out. Specifically, the research should focus on the problem-centered rather than on a certain theory as the standard, open up the self-subjectivity in the mode of thinking, consciously cultivate rational thinking methods, and consciously distinguish the different problem domains in the cultural comparison. Methods the corresponding method should be selected according to the problem domain and the limit should be clear.
【作者单位】：郑州大学哲学系;
【基金】：国家社科基金青年项目“中国哲学现代转型中的知识论问题研究”(14CZX028)
【分类号】：B2

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