合作与塞尔的集体意向性理论

发布时间：2019-04-08 18:19

【摘要】：人类行为大多都不是单个个体的行为,从对货币制度的认可到我们一起经营公司,我们隐性的或显性的处在一种与他人的合作之中。合作行动的行动者不止一个人,如何对这种合作行动进行意向性说明是哲学界重要的议题。历来主要有两种不同的观点:一种主张以个体意向性来对此进行说明,基本上传统哲学持这种观点;另一种则是以塞尔为代表的主张以集体意向性来对合作行动进行说明。本文主要基于塞尔的集体意向性理论对真实的合作,巧合的“合作”,博弈等行为进行了集体意向性问题的探讨。具体来说,文章主要由两大部分构成。第一部分主要探讨了意识与意向性的关系,意向与行动的理论,集体意向性的概念。意向性表示的是心灵指向外部环境的性质。意向性通常是以意识为基础,通过相关的事件起作用,具有某种意识下的指向性。意向和打算、愿望等都是意向性形式当中的一种,而意向又是与行动相关的一种心理倾向。单就个体而言,所有意向性都可以表示为“我意图XXX”,“我想要XXX”等形式。对于集体而言,意向性含有“我们意图XXX”,“我们想要XXX”的形式。塞尔的集体意向性理论是对这种合作行动的一个很好的理论说明。塞尔在《社会实在的建构》一书中用“集体意向性”概念连同其它两个要素“功能的赋予”、“构成性规则”一起作为社会实在建构的三个基本要素。文章的第二部分主要探讨了合作行动的概念,真实的合作、巧合的“合作”、博弈中的集体意向性问题。一个合作行动是建立在事先认同和明白意图的基础之上,有一定的集体目标,形式表现为“我们想要做......”的集体行为。对于这种合作,笔者分别探讨了以个体意向性和以集体意向性来对此进行说明的问题。此外,还重点探讨了对于有些即使与他人巧合的“合作”被当作了合作的行为或自己犯错误情况甚至是自己完全意识错乱的情况下的集体意向性问题。文章最后探讨了合作的结构与条件。
[Abstract]:Most of human behavior is not individual behavior, from the recognition of the monetary system to our co-operation of companies, we are implicit or explicit in a kind of cooperation with others. There is more than one person involved in cooperative action. It is an important topic in philosophy that how to explain the intention of cooperative action. There have always been two different views: one is to explain it by individual intention, which is basically held by traditional philosophy, and the other is to explain cooperative action by collective intention, represented by Searle. Based on Searle's theory of collective intentionality, this paper discusses the collective intentionality of real cooperation, coincidental "cooperation", game and so on. Specifically, the article mainly consists of two parts. The first part mainly discusses the relationship between consciousness and intention, the theory of intention and action, and the concept of collective intention. Intentionality represents the nature of the mind pointing to the external environment. Intentionality is usually based on consciousness, acts through related events, and has a certain conscious directivity. Intention, desire, etc are one of the forms of intention, and intention is a psychological tendency related to action. In the case of individuals alone, all intention can be expressed as "I intend XXX", "I want XXX" and so on. Collectively, intentionality contains the form "we intend XXX", "we want XXX". Searle's theory of collective intentionality is a good theoretical explanation for such cooperative action. In "the Construction of Social reality", Searle uses the concept of "collective intention" together with the other two elements, "functional entrusts", and "Constructional rules" as the three basic elements of social reality construction. The second part mainly discusses the concept of cooperative action, the real cooperation, the coincidental "cooperation", the collective intention in the game. A cooperative action is based on pre-identification and clear intent, with a collective goal in the form of "we want to do it." The collective behavior of For this kind of cooperation, the author discusses the individual intention and the collective intention to explain the problem respectively. In addition, it focuses on the collective intentionality of some cases in which "cooperation", even if coincidental with others, is regarded as cooperative behavior or when one makes mistakes or even is completely conscious of one's own. Finally, the structure and conditions of cooperation are discussed.
【学位授予单位】：深圳大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B089

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