从黑格尔“贱民”到马克思“无产阶级”的逻辑变革——现代自由的困境与出路

发布时间：2019-05-23 09:36

【摘要】："贱民"(P9bel)作为一个"渐旧"的概念,似乎通常只是"游走"于当今政治哲学话语的边缘地带。但实质上,它不仅是理解黑格尔政治思想的关键,而且还充当着联结黑格尔和马克思的重要理论桥梁。黑格尔正是通过"贱民"概念揭示出此类个人的处境:在现代社会中,不考虑财产因素的自由只不过是空洞的抽象,被"绝对地"排除在财产之外也就意味着失去了自由的根基;而这种处境正是后来马克思着力阐明的"无产阶级"的社会境况。由此作为切入点,马克思和黑格尔的对话才真正具有了内在的有效性:这种对话不再是抽象的形而上学颠倒或方法论的批判吸收,而是反映了处于现代社会政治与经济深刻勾连的共同背景下,马克思和黑格尔对于社会平等与自由状况的不同诊断。在这一解释视角下,也就能够辨识出在当今已然改变的社会历史条件下,社会批判理论对经过马克思中介了的"贱民"问题的种种回应和反思。
[Abstract]:As an old concept, "P9bel" usually seems to "wander" to the edge of today's political philosophy discourse. But in essence, it is not only the key to understand Hegelian political thought, but also serves as an important theoretical bridge between Hegelian and Marx. It is through the concept of "base people" that Heger reveals the situation of such individuals: in modern society, freedom without regard to property is nothing more than an empty abstraction. Being "absolutely" excluded from property means losing the foundation of freedom; This situation is the social situation of the proletariat, which Marx made great efforts to clarify later. Thus, as a starting point, the dialogue between Marx and Heger really has inherent effectiveness: this dialogue is no longer an abstract metaphysical reversal or a critical absorption of methodology. It reflects the different diagnosis of social equality and freedom between Marx and Heger under the common background of the profound connection between modern social politics and economy. From this perspective, we can identify all kinds of responses and reflections of social critical theory to the problem of "Dalit" mediated by Marx under the changing social and historical conditions.
【作者单位】：北京大学哲学系;
【分类号】：B0-0;B516.35

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