傣族传统口功治疗的医学人类学研究
发布时间：2019-06-15 20:51
【摘要】：医学是生物学意义上的科学,同时也是人类学意义上的文化。傣族传统民间口功治疗,产生于傣族乡土文化之中,是与其所在的地理环境、生活习俗、社会文化等因素密切相关的地方性知识的重要内涵。口功治疗有多种方法和形式,本文中讨论的“口功”是指傣族摩雅(治疗者)治疗疾病时,口中念念有词,然后对治疗所使用的水、草药或对患者、患处用口“吹”气,治疗疾病的方法。这种疗法可以医治骨折、牙痛、皮肤病、风湿病、眼病、精神分裂症、妇科病等,是不可多得的中国民族民间传统医疗技艺。傣族口功治疗研究包括口功治疗实践与医学人类学解释两个核心领域。本文以口功治疗最为兴盛的村落—西双版纳傣族自治州景洪市嘎洒镇曼沙村委会曼栋龙村为主要田野点,首先分析傣族文化中“何为病”、“病从何来”、“病如何消除”等问题,即傣族文化背景下傣族人民对疾病的认知和医疗选择；其次是对西双版纳傣族口功治疗实践的陈述。在此基础上,综合运用医学人类学的理论与方法,对口功治疗进行理论解析。目的是从医学人类学的视角审视和再认识傣族口功治疗的文化意义,为医学人类学研究提供“傣族经验”,在实践中验证、丰富和发展医学人类学。本论文由绪论、正文、结论三个部分组成。绪论部分阐述选题缘由、相关理论及研究动态、本论文研究内容、思路与方法、田野点介绍并对文中使用的关键术语和概念作简要解释和界定。正文部分包括六章：第一章傣族文化的疾病认知。有关疾病的理论和实践本质上是一种文化范畴,不同的文化衍生迥异的病因解释和疾病认知,从而产生不同的医疗选择。傣族文化塑造出傣族特定的病因观、疾病认知和相应的就医选择。本章交代口功治疗产生的文化根源。第二章傣族口功摩雅介绍。“摩雅”是傣语对“医生”的称谓。本章是对田野点曼栋龙村口功摩雅整体情况的呈现,包括口功摩雅的分类及其备药、诊断与治疗等内容。同时对村民选择摩雅的情况进行介绍和分析。第三章口功治疗的疾病。口功摩雅治疗的疾病可分为“常见”和“非常见”两种,其中“常见”疾病指的是高发的地方性疾病,口功治疗有特殊效果,当地村民就诊率高的疾病,如骨折、牙病、皮肤病、风湿病等。“非常见”疾病指不一定有地方性特征,关键是口功治疗效果并不优于其他治疗方式,村民选择此种治疗方法比例不高的疾病,如妇科病、精神分裂症、脱发、癫痫、肠胃病、眼病等。第四章口功治疗的过程。对傣族民间传统口功治疗过程、治疗的场所、言语与器物进行整体叙述。口功治疗过程中的言语、治疗时间、场所、摩雅的“念”和“吹”以及所使用的水等,都为口功治疗增添了神秘色彩。村民们在虚拟建构的情景中体验着信仰世界的“真实”,在符号权力的作用下笃信它们的力量。第五章口功治疗的效果。口功治疗既有“成功”案例,也有“失败”个案。人们将成功的治疗归功于口功的治疗,而失败治疗的原因则是多方面的。第六章口功治疗的理论分析。本章运用医学人类学的相关理论分析口功治疗的包容性,口功续存的文化动因和动力以及口功效力的机理和局限。重点在于揭示口功治疗的文化根基和信仰基础。结语部分提出主要观点：第一、口功是傣族民间传统医药的重要组成部分。在傣族民间,有“无口功者不成医”的说法。在傣族传统医药方法中,都能见到口功方法的使用,口功贯穿于傣族民间传统医药多数环节。第二,口功治疗的存续基于信仰和文化。傣族村民共同的疾病观念和医学信仰,为口功治疗的存续提供了文化基础。对于傣族人民来说,口功治疗与个人健康、传统文化发展和民族命运休戚相关。第三、作为文化的疾病,口功治疗是有效的、确切的。在现代化进程中、全球化背景下是可以存续、发展的。第四、作为生理的疾病,口功治疗具有局限性。过分依赖口功的作用会减弱人们对抗疾病的积极性。
[Abstract]:Medicine is the science of biology, and it is also an anthropological culture. The traditional folk oral work of the Dai people, which is produced in the local culture of the Dai people, is an important connotation of the local knowledge closely related to the geographical environment, the living customs, the social culture and other factors. Oral work is a variety of methods and forms. The oral work as discussed in this article refers to the words in the mouth of the Dai Moya (the healer), and then the method of treating the disease by using the water, the herbs or the air for the patients and the affected part. The treatment can be used for treating fracture, toothache, skin diseases, rheumatism, eye disease, schizophrenia, and gynecological diseases. The study of Dai's oral work includes two core areas: the practice of oral work and the interpretation of medical anthropology. This paper mainly analyzes the "What is disease", "What's the disease from?", "how to get rid of that disease" and other problems in the Dai culture, which is the main field point of the Manisha Village, the village of Manisha, the village of the Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, the most prosperous village of the village. This is the cognition and medical choice of the people of the Dai people in the cultural background of the Dai people, and the second is the presentation of the practice of the Dai people's oral work in Xishuangbanna. On the basis of this, the theory and method of medical anthropology are used to analyze the theory of work-to-mouth work. The purpose is to view and recognize the cultural significance of Dai's oral work therapy from the perspective of medical anthropology, to provide the "Dai's experience" for the research of the medical anthropology, and to verify, enrich and develop the medical anthropology in practice. This thesis is composed of the introduction, the text and the conclusion. The introduction part expounds the reason of the topic, the relevant theory and the research dynamic, the research contents, ideas and methods of the thesis, the introduction of the field points and the brief explanation and definition of the key terms and concepts used in the paper. The body part includes six chapters: the first chapter is the disease cognition of the Dai culture. The theory and practice of the disease are essentially a cultural category, with different cultures derived from different causes of explanation and disease perception, resulting in different medical options. The Dai culture has made the special cause of the Dai nationality, the cognition of the disease and the corresponding choice of medical treatment. This chapter explains the cultural origin of the treatment of oral work. The second chapter is the introduction of Dai's oral work. The "Moya" is the title of the Dai language to the "a doctor". This chapter is the presentation of the whole situation of the work of the village, including the classification of the oral work and the preparation, the diagnosis and the treatment, and so on. At the same time, the situation of the villagers' choice of Moya is introduced and analyzed. The third chapter is the disease of the treatment of oral work. The disease can be divided into two kinds: "common" and "See you very much.", among which, the "common" disease refers to the high incidence of endemic diseases, the treatment of oral work has special effect, and the local villagers have high rate of treatment, such as fracture, dental disease, skin disease, rheumatism, etc. "See you very much." disease is not necessarily local, and the key is that the effect of oral work treatment is not superior to other treatment methods, and the villagers choose the disease with low proportion of such treatment methods, such as gynecological diseases, schizophrenia, alopecia, epilepsy, gastropathy, eye disease and the like. Chapter 4 The course of oral work therapy. The treatment process, the place, the speech and the utensil of the folk traditional oral work of the Dai people are described as a whole. The words, the treatment time, the place, the modern "read" and the "blow" and the water used in the oral work treatment have added mystique to the treatment of oral work. The villagers experience the "true" of the world of faith in the context of virtual construction, and believe in their strength under the effect of symbol power. Chapter 5 The effect of oral work therapy. There are both "success" cases and "failure" cases in the treatment of oral work. The success of treatment is due to the treatment of oral work, and the cause of failure treatment is manifold. Chapter 6 The theoretical analysis of the treatment of oral work. This chapter uses the relevant theory of medical anthropology to analyze the culture reason and power of oral work therapy and the mechanism and limitation of oral efficacy. The focus is to reveal the cultural foundation and the basis of faith in the treatment of oral work. The epilogue part puts forward the main point of view: first, the oral work is an important part of the folk traditional medicine of the Dai people. In the Dai people, there are "No one can't get a doctor.". In the traditional medicine method of the Dai nationality, the use of the oral work method can be seen, and the oral work passes through most of the folk traditional medicine in the Dai nationality. Secondly, the existence of oral work therapy is based on the belief and culture. The common disease concept and medical belief of the Dai people provide a cultural basis for the survival of oral work therapy. For the people of the Dai people, the treatment of oral work is related to the individual's health, the traditional cultural development and the national destiny. Third, as a disease of culture, oral treatment is effective and accurate. In the process of modernization, under the background of globalization, it can survive and develop. Fourth, as a physiological disease, oral work therapy has limitations. The excessive reliance on oral work will reduce the enthusiasm of people to fight the disease.
【学位授予单位】：云南大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：R29
，
本文编号：2500507
[Abstract]:Medicine is the science of biology, and it is also an anthropological culture. The traditional folk oral work of the Dai people, which is produced in the local culture of the Dai people, is an important connotation of the local knowledge closely related to the geographical environment, the living customs, the social culture and other factors. Oral work is a variety of methods and forms. The oral work as discussed in this article refers to the words in the mouth of the Dai Moya (the healer), and then the method of treating the disease by using the water, the herbs or the air for the patients and the affected part. The treatment can be used for treating fracture, toothache, skin diseases, rheumatism, eye disease, schizophrenia, and gynecological diseases. The study of Dai's oral work includes two core areas: the practice of oral work and the interpretation of medical anthropology. This paper mainly analyzes the "What is disease", "What's the disease from?", "how to get rid of that disease" and other problems in the Dai culture, which is the main field point of the Manisha Village, the village of Manisha, the village of the Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, the most prosperous village of the village. This is the cognition and medical choice of the people of the Dai people in the cultural background of the Dai people, and the second is the presentation of the practice of the Dai people's oral work in Xishuangbanna. On the basis of this, the theory and method of medical anthropology are used to analyze the theory of work-to-mouth work. The purpose is to view and recognize the cultural significance of Dai's oral work therapy from the perspective of medical anthropology, to provide the "Dai's experience" for the research of the medical anthropology, and to verify, enrich and develop the medical anthropology in practice. This thesis is composed of the introduction, the text and the conclusion. The introduction part expounds the reason of the topic, the relevant theory and the research dynamic, the research contents, ideas and methods of the thesis, the introduction of the field points and the brief explanation and definition of the key terms and concepts used in the paper. The body part includes six chapters: the first chapter is the disease cognition of the Dai culture. The theory and practice of the disease are essentially a cultural category, with different cultures derived from different causes of explanation and disease perception, resulting in different medical options. The Dai culture has made the special cause of the Dai nationality, the cognition of the disease and the corresponding choice of medical treatment. This chapter explains the cultural origin of the treatment of oral work. The second chapter is the introduction of Dai's oral work. The "Moya" is the title of the Dai language to the "a doctor". This chapter is the presentation of the whole situation of the work of the village, including the classification of the oral work and the preparation, the diagnosis and the treatment, and so on. At the same time, the situation of the villagers' choice of Moya is introduced and analyzed. The third chapter is the disease of the treatment of oral work. The disease can be divided into two kinds: "common" and "See you very much.", among which, the "common" disease refers to the high incidence of endemic diseases, the treatment of oral work has special effect, and the local villagers have high rate of treatment, such as fracture, dental disease, skin disease, rheumatism, etc. "See you very much." disease is not necessarily local, and the key is that the effect of oral work treatment is not superior to other treatment methods, and the villagers choose the disease with low proportion of such treatment methods, such as gynecological diseases, schizophrenia, alopecia, epilepsy, gastropathy, eye disease and the like. Chapter 4 The course of oral work therapy. The treatment process, the place, the speech and the utensil of the folk traditional oral work of the Dai people are described as a whole. The words, the treatment time, the place, the modern "read" and the "blow" and the water used in the oral work treatment have added mystique to the treatment of oral work. The villagers experience the "true" of the world of faith in the context of virtual construction, and believe in their strength under the effect of symbol power. Chapter 5 The effect of oral work therapy. There are both "success" cases and "failure" cases in the treatment of oral work. The success of treatment is due to the treatment of oral work, and the cause of failure treatment is manifold. Chapter 6 The theoretical analysis of the treatment of oral work. This chapter uses the relevant theory of medical anthropology to analyze the culture reason and power of oral work therapy and the mechanism and limitation of oral efficacy. The focus is to reveal the cultural foundation and the basis of faith in the treatment of oral work. The epilogue part puts forward the main point of view: first, the oral work is an important part of the folk traditional medicine of the Dai people. In the Dai people, there are "No one can't get a doctor.". In the traditional medicine method of the Dai nationality, the use of the oral work method can be seen, and the oral work passes through most of the folk traditional medicine in the Dai nationality. Secondly, the existence of oral work therapy is based on the belief and culture. The common disease concept and medical belief of the Dai people provide a cultural basis for the survival of oral work therapy. For the people of the Dai people, the treatment of oral work is related to the individual's health, the traditional cultural development and the national destiny. Third, as a disease of culture, oral treatment is effective and accurate. In the process of modernization, under the background of globalization, it can survive and develop. Fourth, as a physiological disease, oral work therapy has limitations. The excessive reliance on oral work will reduce the enthusiasm of people to fight the disease.
【学位授予单位】：云南大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：R29
，
本文编号：2500507
本文链接：https://www.wllwen.com/zhongyixuelunwen/2500507.html
