彭真新时期法律思想研究

发布时间：2018-01-01 06:23

本文关键词：彭真新时期法律思想研究　出处：《山东大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：党的十一届三中全会之后,党的工作中心转变为经济建设,同时对原有的经济体制进行了一系列的变革,注重发挥商品经济及市场的作用。商品经济的繁荣、经济的发展需要我们对制度和规则进行进一步的完善。文革刚刚结束,人们普遍希望重建社会的秩序与规则。80年代是我国进行大变革的时期,需要在法律层面进行相应的建设和变革。到上世纪80年代初期,列宁等人的法律思想已经广为传播,我国在建国前30年进行的法制建设也积攒了一些宝贵的立法经验,邓小平同志则指明了我国新时期法制建设的方向。正是在这样的背景下,彭真主持我国立法和政法工作,并形成了自己完备的法律思想。彭真法律思想主要涉及到立法,司法,法律监督,权利保障和社会治理几个方面。在立法层面,彭真提出了党的领导方式应当由依靠政策转变到依靠法律上来,依法治国。在提出党的领导方式转变的同时,彭真主张进一步的变革立法体制,丰富立法主体数量,进一步的推动我国的法制建设。在彭真的立法思想中,明确了党对司法的领导以及立法为民的立法目的,并提出了立法应当坚持实事求是的工作方法。彭真的司法思想主要包括审判机关建设和检察机关建设两部分。在审判机关建设方面,彭真恢复了人民法院独立审判这一重要的法律原则,创新了党对法院的领导方式,并提出了法律面前人人平等、以唯物主义统一审判人员思想、司法便利原则等重要内容。在检察机关建设方面,彭真主张对苏联的检察官制度进行批判性的继承。彭真在中国的法制实践中,取消了检察机关的一般监督权。在检察机关的领导体制方面,坚持由地方党委和上级检察机关实行双重领导,在检察机关内部,实行集体领导的检察委员会制度。彭真的法律监督思想,则主要涉及宪法监督和工作监督两部分。在宪法监督层面,彭真反对照搬西方违宪审查制度,主张建立适合我国国情的宪法监督制度。彭真主张由全国人大及其常委会进行宪法监督,并主张探索区分不同的违宪行为,按行为性质不同由不同机关处理。对于宪法监督,彭真充分认识到了其复杂性和艰巨性,主张宪法监督在我国应该循序渐进,并充分发挥党员干部和人民群众的作用。在工作监督层面,彭真重点强调了人大系统对人大自身的监督,人大对一府两院的监督以及公检法三机关之间的制约和监督。在权利保障层面,彭真重新恢复了人民民主专政的提法,保障人民选举权,并注重提高人民的权利意识。在社会治理层面,彭真力推村民自治,促进了我国基层民主建设,同时对少数民族的治理也都有自己独到的见解。彭真为我国法制建设做出了巨大的贡献,彭真在理论上创新了党对国家的领导方式,阐明了人民主权的实现方式,重新定义了法律监督机关。彭真受制于自己的时代,其法律思想虽然有其局限和不足,但瑕不掩瑜,抹杀不了他在法制建设方面的贡献。
[Abstract]:After the third Plenary Session of the 11th CPC Central Committee, the party's work center into economic construction, at the same time, the economic system carried out a series of changes, pay attention to the commodity economy and the role of the market. The prosperity of the commodity economy, the economic development requires us to step into perfect travel system and rules. Right after the cultural revolution, people all hope the reconstruction of social order and rules of.80 in China is a period of great change, the need for construction and the corresponding change in the legal level. At the beginning of 80s, the legal thought of Lenin et al have been widely disseminated, the legal construction of China in the 30 years before the founding of the also accumulated some valuable experience in legislation, comrade Deng Xiaoping pointed out the legal construction of our country in the new period. It is in this context, Peng Zhen presided over China's legislative and judicial work, and has formed its own complete method The law of thought. Peng Zhen's legal thought is mainly related to the legislative, judicial, legal supervision, for the protection of the rights and social governance. At the legislative level, Peng Zhen put forward the party's leadership should rely on the policy to change by relying on the law, the rule of law. In the proposed changes in the leadership of the party. At the same time, Peng Zhen advocated further reform the abundance of legislative system, the legislative body, further promoting the legal construction of our country. In the legislative thought of Peng Zhen, the Party leadership in the administration of justice and legislation for the people of the purpose of legislation, and puts forward the legislative work should adhere to the method of seeking truth from facts. Peng Zhen's judicial thoughts mainly includes two parts of judicial organs and procuratorial organs construction the construction of judicial organs. In construction, Peng Zhen returned to the independent trial People's court this important legal principle, the court created the party leadership, and put forward Everyone is equal before the law, in order to materialism unified judicial officers thought, important contents of the legal principle of convenience. In the construction of procuratorial organs, inheritance Peng Zhen advocates of Soviet prosecutor system critical. Peng Zhen in the legal practice Chinese, canceled the general supervision power of procuratorial organ. The procuratorial organs of the leadership system insist on by the local Party committee and the superior procuratorial organs to implement the dual leadership, the procuratorial organs within the collective leadership system of Procuratorial Committee. Peng Zhen's thought of legal supervision, mainly involving two parts of the Constitution and work supervision. In the constitutional supervision level, Peng Zhen opposed the western constitutional review system, advocated the establishment of constitutional supervision system suitable for our country. Peng Zhen advocated by the National People's Congress and its Standing Committee for constitutional supervision, and should distinguish different exploration of unconstitutional behavior, according to the nature of behavior The same from different organs. For the supervision of the constitution, Peng Zhen is fully aware of its complexity and arduousness, advocates of constitutional supervision in our country should be gradual, and give full play to the role of Party cadres and the masses of the people. In the work of supervision level, Peng Zhen emphasis on the supervision of the National People's Congress of the people's Congress system, supervision and restriction between the National People's Congress on Procuratorate supervision and three public security organs. The level of protection on rights, Peng Zhen restored the people's democratic dictatorship formulation, safeguard the people's right to vote, and to focus on improving people's awareness of rights. In social governance level, Peng Zhenli pushed the villagers' autonomy, promote the construction of democracy in China, and the governance of ethnic minorities also have their own unique insights. Made a great contribution to China's legal construction of Peng Zhen, Peng Zhen innovation of the Party leadership in the country in theory, expounds the main people The right way to achieve, to redefine the legal supervision organs. Peng Zhen is subject to their own age, its legal thought has its limitations and shortcomings, but xiabuyanyu, he can not erase the contribution in the construction of legal system.

【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D909.2

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