治理“妨害”:晚清上海工部局市政管理的演进

发布时间：2018-01-16 16:10

本文关键词：治理“妨害”:晚清上海工部局市政管理的演进　出处：《近代史研究》2014年01期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：19世纪中叶,英国政府为了处理各类城市环境污染,借用普通法传统中的"妨害"概念制订了《妨害消除法》,以解决公共卫生问题。工部局在管理上海租界时,借鉴了英国的《妨害消除法》修订《土地章程》及其附律,并根据上海华洋杂处的特殊情况做出了相应的调整。工部局通过妨害治理立法、行政制度设计和司法惩诫,基本满足了城市发展过程中对维护公共卫生和公共秩序的需要。在妨害治理的实践过程中,工部局的行政制度逐步完善,最终在19世纪末分化出近代意义上的公共卫生机构。妨害治理为了维护西方"文明观"和公共行为规范,对租界华人居民进行规训,强迫其改变生活方式,也在一定程度上反映了租界中华洋居民不平等的权力关系。
[Abstract]:In the middle of 19th century, the British Government, in order to deal with various types of urban environmental pollution, borrowed the concept of "nuisance" from the common law tradition and enacted the nuisance Elimination Act. In order to solve the public health problems, the Ministry of Industry in the management of Shanghai concession, draw on the United Kingdom's "nuisance Elimination Law" to amend the articles of association and the attached laws. According to the special situation of Shanghai Huayang complex, the Ministry of Industry adopted the legislation of obstruction, the design of administrative system and the judicial punishment and admonition. It basically meets the needs of maintaining public health and public order in the process of urban development. In the practice of obstruction of governance, the administrative system of the Ministry of Industry has been gradually improved. Finally in the end of 19th century, the public health institutions in the modern sense were divided. In order to maintain the western "civilization" and the public behavior norms, the Chinese residents in concessions were disciplined and forced to change their way of life. To some extent, it also reflects the unequal power relationship of the Chinese foreign residents in the concession.
【作者单位】：中国社会科学院近代史研究所;
【分类号】：K252;D929
【正文快照】： 以往对近代上海市政管理的研究往往强调工部局从西方引入先进的制度和技术,并在上海卓有成效地实施,为上海成为繁华的国际性大都会奠定了物质基础,例如下水道和自来水系统的兴建、粪秽和垃圾的采集和处理、防疫措施等。?但这些研究往往是以现在的观念为参照系向前追溯,就好像

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