新民主主义政权时期毛泽东土地法律思想研究

发布时间：2018-01-18 01:33

本文关键词：新民主主义政权时期毛泽东土地法律思想研究　出处：《湘潭大学》2017年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：新民主主义政权时期,毛泽东在根据地领导创建了一系列土地法律法规,形成了系统完备的土地法律思想。毛泽东将马克思列宁主义土地法学理论同我国革命的实际相结合,抓住每一历史阶段的主要矛盾,根据不同历史时期的革命任务,创造性的提出了解决农民土地问题的切实可行的主张和办法,领导党制定了一系列土地纲领、土地分配标准和土地分配方式,形成了自己的土地法律思想。马列主义土地公有学说理论、孙中山的平均地权理论和中国传统文化中的大同思想是新民主主义政权时期毛泽东土地法律思想的理论来源。这一时期,毛泽东的土地法律思想经历了萌芽、形成、发展、完善四个阶段。早期工农运动时期是毛泽东土地法律思想的萌芽期。毛泽东从中国国情出发,对农民问题及农民土地问题作了精辟的论述,形成了其早期土地立法理论,并进行了早期土地立法实践。工农民主政权时期是毛泽东土地法律思想的形成期。毛泽东在领导创建农村革命根据地的实践中,进行土地立法,提出了一系列解决农民土地问题的路线、方针和政策,形成了较为系统的土地法律思想。表现为土地没收对象的不断明确,土地分配制度的不断完善,土地所有权的不断健全。为此后党关于土地立法和土地政策的制定奠定了基础。抗日民主政权时期是毛泽东土地法律思想的发展期。抗日战争爆发后,为适应新的斗争形势,团结一切可团结的抗日力量,实现抗日民族统一战线基本方针,毛泽东及时调整土地政策,废除了中央苏区的土地政策和法令,承认富农和富农经济的存在,变工农民主政权时期没收地主土地分配给农民的土地政策为减租减息的土地政策。从减租减息、交租交息、保障佃权等规定,可以看出毛泽东原则性与灵活性相统一的土地法律思想是抗日战争取得最后胜利的重要原因之一。解放区人民民主政权时期是毛泽东新民主主义土地法律思想的完善期。抗日战争胜利以后,为彻底解决农民的土地问题,毛泽东根据形势的变化对土地政策作了相应的调整。从《五四指示》初步实现“耕者有其田”的目标,到制定《中国土地法大纲》,毛泽东的土地法律思想逐步走向成熟。新民主主义政权时期毛泽东的土地法律思想具有鲜明的阶级性、明显的阶段性、突出的实践性和高度的灵活性等特点,并有着重要的理论与实践意义。研究新民主主义政权时期毛泽东土地法律思想的形成发展轨迹与主要内容,对今天我国的土地法制建设,具有重要的理论和实践意义,对解决“三农”问题,推进土地承包经营流转等也具有重要参考价值和启示意义。
[Abstract]:During the new democratic regime, Mao Zedong established a series of land laws and regulations in the base area. Mao Zedong combined Marxism-Leninist land law theory with the reality of the revolution in our country and grasped the principal contradiction in every historical stage. According to the revolutionary tasks of different historical periods, the author creatively put forward the practical ideas and methods to solve the problems of peasants' land, and led the Party to formulate a series of land programs, land distribution standards and land distribution methods. Formed his own land legal thought. Marxism-Leninism land public doctrine theory. Sun Zhongshan's theory of average land ownership and the thought of Datong in Chinese traditional culture are the theoretical sources of the land law thought of Mao Zedong in the period of the new democratic regime. During this period, the land law thought of Mao Zedong experienced the bud. The formation, development and perfection of the four stages. The early period of the movement of workers and peasants was the budding period of Mao Zedong's land legal thought. From the point of view of China's national conditions, Mao Zedong made a incisive exposition on the issue of peasants and the issue of peasants' land. Formed its early land legislation theory, and carried out the early land legislation practice. The period of democratic regime of workers and peasants is the formation of Mao Zedong's land legal thought. Mao Zedong in the practice of leading the establishment of rural revolutionary base areas. Land legislation, proposed a series of routes, principles and policies to solve the land problem of farmers, forming a more systematic legal thinking of land, which is reflected in the continuous clarity of land confiscation objects. The continuous improvement of land distribution system. The continuous improvement of land ownership laid the foundation for the Party to formulate land legislation and land policy. The period of anti-Japanese democratic regime was the development period of Mao Zedong's land legal ideology. After the outbreak of the War of Resistance against Japan. In order to adapt to the new situation of struggle, unite all the uniting anti-Japanese forces and realize the basic principle of the anti-Japanese national United front, Mao Zedong adjusted the land policy in time, and abolished the land policy and decrees of the Central Soviet area. Recognizing the existence of rich peasants and rich peasants' economy, changing the land policy of confiscating landlords and distributing land to peasants during the period of democratic regime of workers and peasants as the land policy of reducing rent and reducing interest, paying rent and paying interest, protecting tenancy right and so on. It can be seen that Mao Zedong's land law thought of unity of principle and flexibility is one of the important reasons for the final victory of the War of Resistance against Japan. After the victory of the War of Resistance against Japan. In order to solve the peasants' land problem thoroughly, Mao Zedong made the corresponding adjustment to the land policy according to the change of the situation, and initially realized the goal of "the tiller has his field" from the "May 4th instruction". By the formulation of the outline of China's Land Law, Mao Zedong's land law thought gradually matured. During the new democratic regime period, the land law thought of Mao Zedong had a distinct class nature and obvious stages. It has prominent characteristics of practicality and high flexibility, and has important theoretical and practical significance. This paper studies the formation and development track and main content of Mao Zedong's land legal thought in the period of New Democratic regime. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to the construction of land legal system in our country today. It is also of great reference value and enlightenment to solve the problem of "agriculture, countryside and farmers" and to promote the circulation of land contract management.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D909.2

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