我国地方立法的困境与思考

发布时间：2018-01-18 10:16

本文关键词：我国地方立法的困境与思考　出处：《西北大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：地方立法是中国特色社会主义法律体系中的重要组成部分,是地方人大及其常委会行使地方国家权力的一种重要表现形式,关系到国家法律体系的完备与否,同时,对于保证宪法、法律及行政法规在本行政区域内的贯彻实施,维护法制统一,推动改革开放和社会主义现代化建设,促进社会各项事业健康发展等方面都发挥着积极作用。然而,在现实中,由于体制的不够健全和完善,一些不合理的因素成为不成文的俗定,致使地方立法应有作用不能得到切实的发挥,其社会影响力、适用性、法律权威性、法律效力都受到了影响,因此,如何充分发挥地方性法规作用是当前地方立法工作中最重要和最紧迫的课题。纵观目前学术界和立法工作实践,关于如何发挥地方立法作用和研究成果很少,已经存在的研究只是涉及关于地方立法检测标准,或者单纯从社会学角度提出加强立法的种种措施方法,对于如何从法学理论和实践操作去发现和提出限制地方性法规作用发挥的因素和应对的措施的研究却比较少,本文将在此做一探讨。除绪论外,还将围绕如何充分发挥地方立法作用分三部分进行论述：第一部分,我国地方立法的基本理论。首先,对地方立法的涵义、特点、地位、发展过程进行说明；其次,对我国地方立法现状以及西方国家的地方立法权限划分、地方立法程序标准以及地方性法规的制定出台、运用效果进行简要介绍。第二部分,在我国现行立法体制下,地方立法在实际实施应用中面临的困境。第一节,从地方立法的民主化程度不高、立法过程缺乏群众参与方面进行说明；第二节,从地方性法规自身存在的缺陷立法内容如缺乏前瞻性进行分析；第三节,对地方性法规在贯彻执行中存在的问题进行分析；第四节,对地方立法在审判机关司法适用中的现状进行分析。第三部分,提升我国地方立法作用的对策。一是要从体现地方特色、规范起草方式、深化地方立法结构等方面实现“良法”；二是要从强化执法主体贯彻执行力度和民众参与程度,提高立法的民主性；三是探讨如何提高地方性法规在司法审判中的适用效力；四是要推动执法与立法的良性互动；五是要积极完善地方立法程序制度设计,提升法规的实施效益。
[Abstract]:Local legislation is an important part of the socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics, is an important manifestation of the local people's Congress and its standing committee to exercise local state power, and relates to the completeness of the national legal system. At the same time, to ensure the implementation of the Constitution, laws and administrative regulations in their administrative areas, maintain the unity of the legal system, promote reform, opening up and socialist modernization. To promote the healthy development of social undertakings and other aspects are playing a positive role. However, in reality, because the system is not sound and perfect, some unreasonable factors become unwritten vulgar. As a result, the local legislation should not be able to play its role, its social influence, applicability, legal authority, legal effectiveness are affected, therefore. How to give full play to the role of local laws and regulations is the most important and most urgent task in the current local legislative work. Throughout the current academic and legislative practice, there is little on how to play the role of local legislation and research results. The existing research only involves the local legislation testing standards, or simply from a sociological point of view to put forward various measures to strengthen the legislation. There is little research on how to find and propose the factors and measures to limit the function of local laws from the perspective of legal theory and practice. It will also discuss how to give full play to the role of local legislation in three parts: The first part, the basic theory of local legislation in China. First, the meaning, characteristics, status and development process of local legislation are explained. Secondly, the author briefly introduces the current situation of local legislation in our country, the division of local legislative competence in western countries, the standard of local legislative procedure and the formulation of local laws and regulations, and the application effect. The second part, in our country's current legislative system, the local legislation in the actual implementation of the difficulties faced in the application of the first section, from the degree of democratization of local legislation is not high, lack of mass participation in the legislative process to explain; The second section, from the local laws and regulations own defects in the content of legislation such as lack of forward-looking analysis; The third section analyzes the problems existing in the implementation of local laws and regulations. Section 4th analyzes the current situation of local legislation in the judicial application of judicial organs. The third part, the countermeasures to promote the role of local legislation in China. First, we should realize the "good Law" from the aspects of embodying the local characteristics, standardizing the drafting method, deepening the local legislative structure and so on. Second, we should strengthen the enforcement of law enforcement and the degree of popular participation to improve the democracy of legislation; Third, how to improve the applicability of local laws and regulations in judicial trials; Fourth, to promote the positive interaction between law enforcement and legislation; Fifth, it is necessary to actively improve the design of local legislative procedures and improve the efficiency of the implementation of laws.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D920.0

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