1906-1911年山东司法制度改革研究

发布时间：2018-01-19 16:21

本文关键词： 清末山东司法制度改革　出处：《山东师范大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：清朝末年,中国的政治局面急剧恶化。面对西方列强的不断侵略和国内立宪派的强大压力,清政府决定在全国范围内实施新政,以挽救其摇摇欲坠的统治。1906年至1911年山东省的司法制度改革是清政府司法制度改革的重要组成部分,在山东省司法制度建设早期近代化的进程中扮演着重要的角色。这一时期,山东省的司法制度改革实际上是一个学习西方的过程,传统的司法制度和传统的法律思想处于抛弃或者半抛弃状态。山东省司法制度改革的历程是在当时的大背景下进行的,与清政府的司法制度改革步调基本一致。因此,对于这一时期山东省的司法制度改革不宜评价过高。改革后的司法制度毕竟是一种新模式的开始,与理想的司法制度还存在着相当大的差距。正确评析这一转折时期的司法制度改革,以期对当下的司法制度建设提供可资借鉴的经验和教训。本文主要采用历史叙事的手法,立足于基本的近代司法史料,从传统司法的特性及其存在的危机入手,考察了清末司法独立思想的出入和以司法独立为重点的近代化司法改革。以改革中出现的问题为线索,探讨了这一时期山东省司法改革道路上存在的理想与困难。本文共分三大部分,包括导言、正文和结语。导言部分,从清末变革的社会历史背景入手,在介绍传统司法弊端的基础上,提出了本文研究的内容,即以司法独立为线索,探讨山东省司法改革过程中表现出来的社会变革和司法转型对于建构社会秩序的博弈关系;同时,在回顾和评价有关司法改革研究成果的基础上,着重阐释了本文选题的研究框架和基本思路以及理论目标。论文主体分为四个大部分。第一部分概述改革前的司法制度实况和改革的历史背景。主要论述了三个层面。首先是原有的司法制度在当时的国内、国际环境中已经不能正常发挥作用,出现的种种弊端逐渐危及到清政府的统治地位;其次是西方司法制度的运行模式和主要观点受到了当时国内精英阶层的追捧,大批知识分子和政治精英们呼吁仿效西法;最后是外国侵略者加紧了侵略步伐,在威逼利诱之下,清政府被迫进行司法改革。山东省遵从清政府谕旨,也开始实施司法制度改革。第二部分从清末新政中的司法改革入手,以西方司法独立思想的传入为研究背景,重点分析了这一时期山东省的司法改革。这标志着山东省乃至全国的审判方式从封建落后走向了近代文明。第三部分分析了以司法独立为核心的清末山东司法改革失败的原因和经验教训,给当前的司法改革以启迪。第四部分立足于清末社会变迁的历史环境,在历史追思和实证考察的基础上,得出有关中国司法改革的基本结论:走建构理性和经验理性完美契合之路,才是当前司法改革的进路。除此以外,任何单向的选择都是徒劳。
[Abstract]:In the late Qing Dynasty, the political situation in China deteriorated sharply. In the face of the constant aggression of Western powers and the strong pressure of domestic constitutionalism, the Qing government decided to implement the New deal throughout the country. From 1906 to 1911, the reform of the judicial system in Shandong Province was an important part of the reform of the judicial system of the Qing government. It plays an important role in the process of the early modernization of the judicial system construction in Shandong Province. In this period, the judicial system reform in Shandong Province is actually a process of learning from the West. The traditional judicial system and the traditional legal thought are abandoned or semi-abandoned. The course of the judicial system reform in Shandong Province was carried out under the background of that time. Therefore, the reform of the judicial system in Shandong Province during this period should not be overestimated. After all, the reform of the judicial system is the beginning of a new model. There is still a big gap between the judicial system and the ideal judicial system. The reform of the judicial system in this turning period is evaluated correctly in order to provide the experience and lessons for reference to the construction of the current judicial system. This article mainly uses the historical narrative technique, based on the basic modern judicial historical data, starts from the traditional judicial characteristic and the existence crisis. The author examines the differences in the thought of judicial independence in the late Qing Dynasty and the modernization of judicial reform with emphasis on judicial independence, taking the problems in the reform as the clue. This article is divided into three parts, including the introduction, the text and the conclusion. The introduction part, starting from the social and historical background of the change in the late Qing Dynasty. On the basis of introducing the malpractice of traditional judicature, this paper puts forward the content of this paper, that is, judicial independence is the clue. This paper discusses the game relationship between the social transformation and judicial transformation in the process of judicial reform in Shandong Province. At the same time, on the basis of reviewing and evaluating the research results of judicial reform, the research framework, basic ideas and theoretical objectives of this paper are emphatically explained. The main body of the thesis is divided into four parts. The first part summarizes the actual situation of the judicial system before the reform and the historical background of the reform. It mainly discusses three levels. Firstly, the original judicial system has been unable to play a normal role in the domestic and international environment at that time. All sorts of malpractices appeared gradually endangering the dominant position of Qing government; Secondly, the operating mode and main viewpoints of the western judicial system were sought after by the domestic elite at that time, and a large number of intellectuals and political elites called for the imitation of Western France; Finally, the foreign invaders stepped up the pace of aggression. Under the coercion and inducement, the Qing government was forced to carry out judicial reform. Shandong Province followed the oracle of the Qing government and began to carry out the reform of the judicial system. The second part starts with the judicial reform in the New deal of the late Qing Dynasty, taking the introduction of the western thought of judicial independence as the research background. The judicial reform in Shandong Province during this period is analyzed, which marks the transition from feudal backwardness to modern civilization in Shandong Province and even the whole country. The third part analyzes the reasons and lessons of the failure of Shandong judicial reform in the end of Qing Dynasty, which takes judicial independence as the core, and enlightens the current judicial reform. The 4th part is based on the historical environment of the social changes in the late Qing Dynasty. On the basis of historical reflection and empirical investigation, the author draws the basic conclusion of China's judicial reform: take the road of perfect agreement between constructive rationality and empirical rationality. This is the way forward for current judicial reform. Besides, any one-way choice is futile.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D926;D929

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