马克思法权思想的人本视域研究

发布时间：2018-01-20 11:35

本文关键词： 马克思法权思想人本视域　出处：《安徽大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：人生活在自然世界中,创造了人为的世界；人处在物质世界中,又创造了精神世界。漫长的历史进程中,法权和人是社会永恒的主题。一个和谐进步的社会,应该是理性而又充满关爱的。马克思主义认识论告诉我们,理论来源于实践,并为实践服务。历史和现实充分证明了,马克思主义理论对中国社会实践的指导地位,马克思法权思想是进行中国特色社会主义法治建设的指导思想。我国法治建设进程中,一切都是新的尝试,其中有成功也有挫折。为了更好地保护人们的基本权利不再受到侵犯、社会悲剧不再重演,现实呼唤马克思法权思想的人本精神的回归。因此,切实维护当事人的合法权益,彻底终结非正常法律事件,既是对公民基本权利的尊重,也是对中国法治的尊重,更是对未来社会的尊重。时至今日,理论界侧重于对马克思法学思想宝库的宏观方面探讨,鲜有系统、具体性地从人本视域出发,来研究马克思法权思想及其内涵。有鉴于此,在马克思主义中国化最新理论成果——科学发展观的指导下,本文对马克思法权思想进行人本视域研究。全文由三个部分组成：第一部分：马克思法权思想发展的人本历程。这一部分首先考察马克思法权思想产生的人本理论渊源。沿着历史的足迹去寻本溯源,找出马克思法权思想产生的人本理论基础。其次,伴随着马克思主义经典作家世界观的转变,特别是历史唯物史观的形成,探索马克思法权思想发展的人本历程。研究发现,马克思主义经典作家立足社会现实情况,批判地考察了法权思想的人本渊源,科学地揭示出法权因人的需要而产生、发展的客观规律,并以人的根本利益为依归。马克思主义经典作家对法权思想研究的卓越之处在于,始终把法权放在人类历史的发展进程中去研究,并与人和社会的发展规律有机结合起来,实现了法权研究,由历史唯物主义对历史唯心主义的更替、从抽象到具体的转变,这就犹如人类法权思想发展史上的,一场伟大的“哥白尼式的革命”。这部分是论文研究的历史起点。第二部分：马克思法权思想的人本内涵。在上述基础上,运用马克思主义的原理和方法,探讨马克思法权思想中的基本问题,对法权思想的人本内涵、基本特征、人本价值进行理论探索和反思,发现法权与人之间的联系,为中国特色马克思法权思想发展奠定坚实的理论基础。这部分是论文研究的重要方面。第三部分：马克思法权思想人本视域研究的当代启示。以马克思主义哲学的方法论和世界观为指导,分别从如何处理法权与人、法权与国家、法权与社会关系的角度出发,得出“正确认识以人为本的法权价值目标”、“积极探索依法治国中人本法权实现途径”、“努力构建社会主义和谐社会的坚实基础”等三方面启示这部分是论文研究的价值体现。关于“人是法权之本”的命题及其意蕴的探讨,既是对马克思法权思想最本真的认识,更是运用科学发展观,建设法治社会、和谐社会的时代呼唤和现实需要。马克思主义经典作家始终认为,人的属性在于自然属性与社会属性的统一,因此,法权的存在应该是合乎人性的存在。在马克思那里已经证明了,人性的本质不是先天的性本恶,或性本善的伦理人性论,更不是环境人性论等观点,而是一切社会关系的总和,受它所在的一定社会的物质生活条件的决定和影响。另一方面,从哲学的本原性与正当性角度出发,“人”也同样应当成为中国法学发展的出发点和目的。我国的法治建设应该是科学发展观视野下的社会主义法治建设,应该是“以人为本”的法治建设。在实现依法治国和构建社会主义和谐社会进程中,关于马克思法权思想的研究,是一个重大的课题,这一课题也是一个不断开拓和创新的过程。如何建设有中国特色的社会主义法权,为新时期中国法学的转型提供坚实的理论基础支撑,进而尝试在新的时代背景和历史机遇下,构建具有中国特色、中国气派和中国风格的法学理论体系,是马克思主义中国化进程中的一项十分艰巨而又具有重要意义的工作。历史和现实告诉我们,所有的工作必须遵循马克思主义的世界观和方法论。当前,还存在一些有待于深入研究的重大问题,而这一切的一切都关乎“人”本身。本文仅仅为这一工作提供一些粗浅的认识和建议,以期商榷。
[Abstract]:People living in the natural world, created a human world; people living in the physical world, and also created a spiritual world. The long historical process, the law and the people is the eternal theme of a society. The harmonious development of the society, should be rational and caring. Marx's epistemology theory tells us that the source of in the practice, and serve practice. Fully proved by history and reality, the guiding position of the Marx doctrine theory of China social practice, Marx's legal thought is the guiding ideology of Chinese characteristic socialist legal construction. The construction of rule of law in our country, everything is a new attempt, including successes and setbacks to the basic rights. To better protect people no longer violated, social tragedies, reality calls for a return to Marx's law thought of humanism. Therefore, safeguard the legitimate rights and interests A complete end, non normal legal events, is respect for the basic rights of citizens, but also to China respect for the rule of law, it is the future of social respect. Today, the theory focuses on the macro aspects of the treasure house of Marx's legal thought of little system, concretely starting from the Perspective of Marx's law, to the thought and connotation. In view of this, the latest theory achievement of Scientific Outlook on Development in Marx's Chinese under the guidance of the people study the perspective of Marx legal thoughts. This thesis consists of three parts:
The first part: the development of Marx's thought of the legislative process. This part first examines Marx's legal thoughts arising from theoretical origin. Follow the footsteps of history to find the source, find Marx's law thought produces the theory basis. Secondly, with the changes of the main meaning of Marx classic writers of world outlook, especially the formation of the history of historical materialism, to explore the development of Marx's legal thinking of the course. The study found that Marx and Engels based on the social reality, the paper critically examines the legal thinking of the origin, scientifically reveal the right people and needs, the objective laws of development, and to the people's fundamental interests. Marx and Engels excellence of legal rights is always placed in the process of development of human history to study and development with people and society Law organically, realizes the legal research, from historical materialism to idealism, from the abstract to the concrete changes, this is a history of legal rights, a great "Copernicus revolution". This part is the historical starting point of this research.
The second part: Marx's legal thinking of the connotation. On the basis of the above, the principle and method of Marx's theory, discussion on the basic problems of Marx's legal thoughts, the basic characteristics of the legal thinking of the connotation, the value of theoretical exploration and reflection, found between the right and the connection, theoretical basis solid for the development of China features of Marx thought. This part of law is an important aspect of this thesis.
The third part: study the Contemporary Enlightenment of the thought of human rights from the perspective of Marx. With the method of Marx's philosophy and world view as the instruction, from how to deal with the right person, the right and the state, the relationship between legal and social point of view, the "correct understanding of people-oriented legal value goal", "actively explore the law the rule of the law realization of human rights", "efforts to build a solid foundation of a harmonious socialist society" in three aspects. Part of this is the significance of this thesis.
To explore the proposition about "people is the foundation of legal right" and its meaning, is the most authentic understanding of Marx's legal thought, it is the use of Scientific Outlook on Development, the construction of the rule of law society, a harmonious society call of the times and reality. Marx and Engels have always believed that human nature is unified, natural attribute and social attribute so right there should be a humane existence. In Marx has been proved that human nature is not innate nature is evil or good in nature, human nature of ethics theory, but not the environment of human nature theory, but the sum of all social relations, it is subject to certain social conditions of material life and the influence of decision on the other hand, from the primitive philosophy perspective and justice, "people" also should be the starting point and purpose of Chinese law development.
The rule of law in China should be the construction of socialist rule of law under the view of Scientific Outlook on Development, should be "people-oriented" the rule of law. In the realization of the rule of law and building a socialist harmonious society in the process of research on Marx's legal thought, is a major topic, this topic is also a continuous innovation process. How to build a socialist legal Chinese, provides a solid theoretical support for Chinese law transformation in the new period, and then try in the background and historical opportunities under the new construction has China characteristics, system of legal theory Chinese style and China style, is of great significance in the process of a very difficult and Marx the doctrine of China. History and reality tell us that all work must follow Marx's world outlook and methodology. At present, there There are still some important problems to be further studied. All of this is related to "people" itself. This article only provides some superficial knowledge and suggestions for this work, with a view to discuss.

【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D909.1

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