南京临时政府时期人权约法研究

发布时间：2018-01-20 21:00

本文关键词： 南京临时政府人权立法人权保障　出处：《山东大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本论文力求用中国的人权历史诠释中国的人权实践。自从人权概念在近代传入中国后,学者们就没有停止过人权研究的脚步。人权思想和人权立法的研究是人权研究本应相互契合的两个方面。对于人权思想史的研究,无论在国内还是国外均达到了相当高的水平,,但对于人权制度史、立法史的研究则还是出于萌芽状态。人权保障制度的产生与发展,甚至其不足或失败,都与其思想母源存在着深刻的联系,探讨二者的互动关系,有助于我们理解和把握在特定历史际遇下人权思想与人权制度是如何关联的。本文首先论述了南京临时政府时期人权思潮产生的历史背景和主要内容。在创立统一的资产阶级民主共和国的过程中,革命政要孙中山以政治家的宏大胆略和宽阔视野,提出了以三民主义为理论基础的人权思想,为新生的共和国勾勒出了宏伟的法律蓝图。内忧外患的政治局势促使民族主义思想成为实现人权的信号,法学家群体纷纷提出了自己的人权理念,人权观念蔚然成风。随着西方人权观念的不断传播,以及清末法政教育的兴起,为人权思潮的兴起奠定了坚实的社会基础。没有脱离思想的制度,也没有毫无制度寓意的思想,故此本文分别从生存权、平等权、自由权、受教育权等方面针对当时人权思潮的主要内容进行了分析。人权的每一寸进步,人的权利的每一次扩大,都是主体努力争取的结果。本文以人权立法为主线,探究临时政府时期制定的人权约法,首先分析了在当时特定历史环境下的立法原则,并与当时人权思想相对应,分别从平等权、自由权、财产权、受教育权、特殊群体权利等方面搜集了大量历史资料和文献,论述了该时期人权立法的主要内容、人权实施的制度保障、产生的社会效果等。最后,本文站在时代的角度,对南京临时政府时期人权立法与人权保障进行了理性的思考,分析了其留给后代的宝贵经验,并从内因和外因角度总结了其失败的原因,以期从历史的角度重新认识南京临时政府时期的人权问题,并为我国人权制度的发展提供经验。
[Abstract]:This thesis tries to use the history of human rights in China to interpret the practice of human rights in China since the concept of human rights was introduced into China in modern times. Scholars have never stopped studying human rights. The study of human rights thought and human rights legislation are two aspects of human rights research which should be in agreement with each other, and the study on the history of human rights thought. Both at home and abroad have reached a very high level, but for the history of human rights system, the history of legislation is still from the embryonic state. The emergence and development of the human rights guarantee system, even its deficiency or failure, have a profound connection with its source of thought, and discuss the interactive relationship between the two. It is helpful for us to understand and grasp how the thought of human rights and the human rights system are related under the specific historical circumstances. This paper first discusses the historical background and main contents of the trend of thought on human rights in the period of Nanjing Provisional Government. The first is the process of bourgeois democratic republic. With the great courage and broad vision of the statesman, the revolutionary dignitaries Sun Zhongshan put forward the human rights thought based on the three people's principles. Drew a grand legal blueprint for the new republic. The internal and external political situation prompted nationalism to become the signal of the realization of human rights, jurists have put forward their own concept of human rights. With the spread of western human rights concepts and the rise of legal and political education in the late Qing Dynasty, it laid a solid social foundation for the rise of human rights thoughts and did not break away from the ideological system. Therefore, this paper analyzes the main contents of the current trend of human rights from the aspects of the right to existence, the right to equality, the right to freedom, the right to education and so on. Every inch of progress in human rights and every expansion of human rights are the result of the main body's efforts. This paper takes human rights legislation as the main line to explore the human rights law made during the interim government. First of all, it analyzes the legislative principles in the specific historical environment at that time, and corresponding to the thought of human rights at that time, respectively from the equal rights, the right to freedom, the right to property, the right to education. A large number of historical materials and documents have been collected on the rights of special groups, and the main contents of human rights legislation in this period, the system protection of human rights implementation and the social effects have been discussed. Finally, from the perspective of the times, this paper makes a rational thinking on the human rights legislation and human rights protection during the period of Nanjing Provisional Government, and analyzes its valuable experience left to future generations. It also summarizes the reasons of its failure from the angle of internal and external causes in order to re-understand the human rights problems in Nanjing interim government from the historical point of view and provide experience for the development of human rights system in China.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D929;D921

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