中国古代疑案处理原则的研究

发布时间：2018-01-21 00:01

本文关键词： 疑案处理原则疑则从无疑则从轻疑则从议　出处：《天津商业大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：中国古代疑难案件分为疑罪、疑狱两种类型，对疑难案件的如何处理关系着是否可以合理公正的处理问题、是否可以良好的维护社会秩序。通过对我国古代有关疑罪、疑狱的文献、法规的梳理，发现中国古代对疑案的处理原则大致可以归纳为三类：疑则从无原则；疑则从轻原则；疑则从议原则。本文采取实证的研究方法分析司法官员对疑罪、疑狱的处理方式，得出中国古代疑案处理原则形成了相对完备的体系。在中国古代儒法两家相互融合、妥协的理论背景下，律、例相互补充又互相抵制，律、例赋予疑案处理原则权威性的同时，在司法实践中对疑狱的处理原则的适用又具有选择性。虽然中国古代疑案处理原则是在有罪推定的基础上进行，但其不管是理论背景、立法、司法实践，均相对完备，对我国立法、司法具有参考价值。本文除前沿和结论外共有四部分：第一章，中国古代疑案处理原则的概况。主要介绍疑则从无原则、疑则从轻原则、疑则从议原则形成以及延续的历史过程。第二章，中国古代疑案处理的司法实践。选取西汉，，曹魏，吴，晋，南朝，唐，明，清等朝代的疑案，将疑案分为疑罪、疑狱两种类型进行研究。第三章，中国古代疑案处理原则的评析。通过对第二章中国古代疑案处理的司法实践的分析研究得出：疑案处理原则的适用范围；疑则从轻原则为统治者之首推既与儒家中庸、慎刑思想相关又与儒法两家的冲突与妥协密不可分；疑狱一般不适用疑则从轻原则，其对疑则从轻原则的适用具有特殊性；疑案处理原则由于意含有罪推定、疑罪审理程序凸显司法集权、定罪标准偏低等原因而造成了大量的冤假错案；判例确立和维护疑案处理法律原则。第四章，中国古代疑案处理原则的启示。中国现代疑罪适用疑则从无原则，摒弃古代疑则从轻原则，但在中国现代司法实践中仍受古代疑则从轻思想的影响；中国现代对疑案的规定以及处理都比较简单，本文建议借鉴中国古代疑狱“量刑从轻”的处理方式，等。
[Abstract]:The difficult cases in ancient China can be divided into two types: suspected crime and suspected prison. How to deal with the difficult cases is related to whether or not the problem can be dealt with reasonably and fairly. Whether we can maintain the social order well. Through combing the ancient literature on suspicion of crime, suspected prison, laws and regulations, we find that the principles of handling the suspected cases in ancient China can be summed up into three categories: suspicion from no principle; The principle of doubt is lenient; This article adopts the empirical research method to analyze how the judicial officials deal with the suspected crime and the suspected prison. It is concluded that the principles of handling Chinese ancient suspicious cases formed a relatively complete system. In the context of the integration and compromise of the two schools of Confucianism and law in ancient China, law, examples complement each other and resist each other. While giving authority to the principle of handling suspected cases, the application of the principle of dealing with suspected cases in judicial practice is selective, although the principle of handling suspected cases in ancient China is carried out on the basis of presumption of guilt. However, its theoretical background, legislation and judicial practice are relatively complete, which has reference value for legislation and judicature in our country. In addition to the frontier and conclusion, there are four parts in this paper: The first chapter is the general situation of the principles of handling suspicious cases in ancient China. It mainly introduces the historical process of the formation and continuation of doubt from the principle of discussion, the principle of doubt from non-principle, the principle of doubt from light, and the principle of doubt from discussion. The second chapter, the judicial practice of Chinese ancient suspicious cases. Select the Western Han Dynasty, Cao Wei, Wu, Jin, Southern Dynasty, Tang, Ming, Qing dynasties and other dynasties. The third chapter, the analysis and analysis of the principles of handling suspicious cases in ancient China. Through the analysis and research on the judicial practice of dealing with the suspected cases in the second chapter, the author draws the following conclusions: the scope of application of the principle of handling suspicious cases; The principle of doubt as the first choice of rulers is not only related to the Confucian mean, but also to the conflict and compromise between Confucianism and law. The principle of doubt is not applicable to doubt, and its application to the principle of doubt is special. The principle of handling a suspicious case contains the presumption of crime, the trial procedure of suspected crime highlights the centralization of judicial power, and the standard of conviction is low, which results in a large number of false and false cases. Jurisprudence establishes and upholds the legal principles of handling doubtful cases. Chapter 4th, the enlightenment of the principle of handling suspicious cases in ancient China. The application of suspicion in modern China is from no principle, but it is still influenced by the thought of lighter in Chinese modern judicial practice. The rules and handling of suspected cases in modern China are relatively simple. This paper suggests to draw lessons from the treatment of "sentencing leniently" in ancient China.
【学位授予单位】：天津商业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D929

【参考文献】