公法的人性化

发布时间：2018-01-21 22:57

本文关键词： 公法人的本能自然情感理性能力人的多样性　出处：《苏州大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在法律体系中，，公法扮演着极为重要的角色。公法以规制国家权力为核心，涉及国家与公民之间关系的调整与平衡。可以说，公法的良善与否，直接决定着个人的权利与自由能否得到最大限度的保障。那么，如何来确保公法的良善呢？这就必须要回到人的问题。一句话，只有尊重人的尊严、保障人的权利的公法制度，才是真正意义上的良法。就公法的人性化而言，公法必须与人的本性、本能、需求、情感相联系，保持公法与人性的高度契合。具体而言，包括以下几个方面的要求：一是公法必须尊重人的传统本能。“本能”是人与生俱来的先天素质，也是一种作为社会基因而伴随人类存在的永恒特质。人的本能体现了人类行为的一种固有倾向，公法对之不能加以扼杀，否则效果将会适得其反。二是公法必须珍视人的自然情感。在某种意义上而言，公法是不以个人意志为转移的一种客观存在，它渗透着人们的生活，影响着人们的情感，因而如何将公法中的情感导向与人的本性和自然需求结合起来，就成为公法必须正视的一项重要任务。三是公法必须重视人的理性能力。理性能力在公法上主要体现为权利的赋予与行为的意思自治。前者视人为理性的主体，能够通过权利的行使为自己、他人、社会带来利益；后者视人为自主的个人，能够独立地决断涉己的事务。四是公法必须正视人性的多样性特性。作为社会的公共规则，公法既必须在人的共性的基础上设定全社会一体遵行的规则，也要为人的个性留有发展的余地与空间。良好的生活不是整齐划一的社会，而是丰富多彩的社会，也就是个性张扬的社会。
[Abstract]:In the legal system, public law plays an extremely important role. Public law takes the regulation of state power as the core and involves the adjustment and balance of the relationship between the state and citizens. It can be said that public law is good or not. Directly determine whether the rights and freedoms of the individual can be guaranteed to the maximum extent. So, how to ensure the good of public law? In a word, only the public law system that respects human dignity and guarantees human rights is the true good law. In terms of humanization of public law, public law must be with human nature. Instinct, need, and emotion are linked to each other to maintain a high degree of agreement between public law and human nature. Including the requirements of the following aspects: first, public law must respect the traditional instinct of human beings. "instinct" is the innate quality of human being. Human instinct reflects an inherent tendency of human behavior, which can not be killed by public law. Otherwise, the effect will be counterproductive. Second, public law must cherish human's natural emotion. In a sense, public law is an objective existence which is not transferred by individual will, it permeates people's life. Affect people's emotions, so how to combine the emotional orientation of public law with human nature and natural needs. It has become an important task that public law must face up to. Third, public law must attach importance to the rational ability of human beings. The rational ability in public law is mainly embodied in the empowerment of rights and the autonomy of the meaning of behavior. The former regards it as the subject of reason. To be able to bring benefits to oneself, others and society through the exercise of rights; The latter can decide their own affairs independently. Fourthly, public law must look squarely at the diversity of human nature and take it as the public rule of society. Public law must not only set up the rules to be followed by the whole society on the basis of the commonness of human beings, but also leave room and space for the development of human individuality. A good life is not a uniform society, but a rich and colorful society. That is, a society with an open personality.
【学位授予单位】：苏州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D90

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