唐代司法官责任制度研究

发布时间：2018-01-27 03:15

本文关键词： 唐代司法官责任制度的内容特点成因评价启示　出处：《郑州大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：唐代的司法官责任制度是由最初的夏、商、西周萌芽时期的模糊规定,到秦时确立,并经汉、三国两晋南北朝和隋的发展,而最终在唐代定型,成为一个成熟完善的法律制度。唐代司法官责任制度的规范详备、内涵丰富。由于民刑有分,因此它的责任主体分为刑事司法机关与司法官、民事司法机关与司法官。在具体内容上,它主要包括违法不受理诉讼和受理诉讼的法律责任、违法审讯的法律责任、违法判决的法律责任和违法执行判决的法律责任。每一项法律责任的内容又都不是单一的,本身又包含很多不同的情形。通过对唐代司法官责任制度的字斟字酌,可总结出它具有如下的基本特征：其一,法律化、制度化；其二,司法官身份的兼容性：司法权与行政权合一；其三,惩罚方式以刑罚为主；其四,特有的责任连带原则。而且,唐代司法官责任制度的形成并非一蹴而就的,而是经过了二千多年的历史发展的积淀,在政治方面、经济方面、思想文化方面、统治者个人方面等因素的合力之下形成的。唐之后的各朝各代虽也有创新,但在很大程度上是承继唐代的,所以唐代司法官责任制度具有承上启下的历史作用。不容质疑,唐代司法官责任制度的建立、运行对唐代的司法秩序乃至整个社会的稳定和发展都产生了深刻的影响。首先,它为司法官的具体司法实践行为提供了法律依据,进而为司法活动的有序进行提供了保障；其次,它通过整顿吏治使社会秩序趋向平稳,从而巩固统治者的政权,以致出现了中国封建社会历史上少有的黄金时期——“贞观之治”和“开元盛世”；最后,它通过对司法官违法行为的处罚,缓和了阶级矛盾,平衡了民众心理。但是在封建专制制度的历史条件下,它又不可避免地具有无法突破的局限性：以皇权为中心的君主专制制度、以礼为核心的宗法等级特权制度和由于社会整体环境的制约而造成的制度与实践的背离现象。历史的发展具有延续性,以古鉴今,唐代司法官责任制度正反两方面的经验和教训给当今社会很大的启示,首先要学习唐代统治者重视法律、依法治吏的精神,还要充分发挥现有的司法官责任立法规定的作用,最重要的是重视司法实践活动,实现司法实践与制度规定的相统一。
[Abstract]:The system of the responsibility of the magistrates in the Tang Dynasty was established by the initial vague regulations of the germination period of the Xia, Shang and Western Zhou dynasties, and was established by the Han Dynasty, the three Kingdoms, the Southern and Northern dynasties and the Sui Dynasty, and was finally finalized in the Tang Dynasty. Become a mature and perfect legal system. The system of the responsibility of the magistrates in the Tang Dynasty is full of norms and rich connotations. Because of the division of civil and criminal punishment, its main responsibility is divided into criminal judicial organs and magistrates, civil judicial organs and magistrates. In the specific content. It mainly includes the legal responsibility of not accepting the lawsuit and accepting the lawsuit, and the legal responsibility of illegal trial. The legal liability of illegal judgment and the legal liability of illegal execution of judgment. The content of each legal liability is not single and contains many different situations. By examining the responsibility system of the magistrates in the Tang Dynasty, we can conclude that it has the following basic characteristics: first, legalization and institutionalization; Secondly, the compatibility of the judge's identity: the combination of judicial power and executive power; Third, penalty is the main way of punishment; Fourth, the unique principle of joint and several liability. Moreover, the formation of the responsibility system of the Tang Dynasty is not overnight, but after more than 2,000 years of historical development, in the political, economic aspects. Ideological and cultural aspects, rulers and other factors formed under the joint forces. After the Tang Dynasty, although there are innovations in the dynasties, but to a large extent is inherited from the Tang Dynasty. Therefore, the system of the responsibility of magistrates in the Tang Dynasty has the historical function of connecting the past with the following. There is no doubt that the establishment of the system of the responsibility of magistrates in the Tang Dynasty, the operation of the Tang Dynasty judicial order and even the stability and development of the whole society have a profound impact. First of all. It provides the legal basis for the concrete judicial practice of the magistrates, and then provides the guarantee for the orderly conduct of the judicial activities; Secondly, it made the social order steady by rectifying the official administration, thus consolidating the rulers' political power, which led to the emergence of the rare golden period in the history of Chinese feudal society-"the rule of virginity" and "the prosperous age of Kaiyuan"; Finally, it alleviates the class contradiction and balances the public psychology by punishing the lawbreaking actions of the magistrates, but under the historical condition of the feudal autocracy. It inevitably has the limitations that cannot be broken through: the autocratic monarchy centered on the imperial power. The deviation between the system and practice caused by the restriction of the whole social environment and the patriarchal hierarchy privilege system with ceremony as the core. The development of history has a continuity, in order to learn from the past and the present, the experience and lessons of the responsibility system of the magistrates in the Tang Dynasty have great enlightenment to the society today. First of all, we should learn from the rulers of the Tang Dynasty to attach importance to the law. The spirit of administering officials according to law should give full play to the role of the existing legislative provisions on the responsibility of magistrates. The most important thing is to attach importance to judicial practice and realize the unification of judicial practice and system provisions.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D929;D926

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