我国法治建设中的行政权利制约机制问题研究

发布时间：2018-01-28 10:26

本文关键词： 法治行政权力制约机制　出处：《山东理工大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：作为国家公权力的一种类型,行政权力是国家行政机关运用特定的强制手段,为有效执行国家意志,而依照宪法法律规定对全社会行政事务进行管理的一种能力。同国家的其他权力相比,行政权力是最为活跃,最能直接作用于社会生活,加之其具有强制性、扩张性和人格化倾向、高度权威性的特性,在缺乏有效制约的情况下,行政权力更容易被行政公职人员违法行使或者滥用,甚至被用来谋取私利,滋生腐败现象,严重损害国家利益和行政相对人的合法权益。所以,对行政权力进行制约尤为必要。这样能够保证行政权力的正常的运行,保障行政公职人员的依法行政、清廉行政,保证行政权力真正被用来为人民谋利益。我国历来重视行政权力制约机制的建立和完善,尤其是改革开放30多年以来,随着我国法治建设进程的不断推进,我国已经从立法、司法、行政机关内部、社会力量四方面加强了对行政权力的限制,初步形成了行政权力的制约机制。但是,我国现行的行政权力制约机制还不够完善,还存在一些影响其有效地发挥作用的问题。这些问题主要包括：人大对行政权力的制约缺乏力度；司法机关对行政权力的制约缺乏可操作性；行政机关内部制约机制科学性不足；社会制约力量缺乏强化性。正是由于这些问题的存在,我国的行政权力制约机制才未能对防止行政权力的滥用产生实质的影响。本文深刻阐述了法治和行政权力制约机制的基本内涵,以及二者的相互关系,认真分析了我国行政权力制约机制面临的主要问题,并在借鉴英国、美国、新加坡成功经验的基础上,从加强国家权力机关对行政权力的制约,切实维护宪法的权威；加强行政机关内部对行政权力的制约,规范行政机关依法行政；加强司法机关对行政权力的制约,切实维护司法公正；加强社会力量对行政权力的制约,营造法治社会的氛围四个方面来完善我国法治建设中的行政权力制约机制,力求能够找到适合中国国情的行政权力制约机制,使行政权力的行使能够规范化、法治化,从而有效地遏制行政权力腐败,提高行政权力为公民服务的效率,推动我国法治建设。
[Abstract]:As a type of national public power, administrative power is the use of specific coercive means by state administrative organs for the effective implementation of the national will. Compared with other powers of the country, the administrative power is the most active, the most direct effect in the social life, plus it is mandatory. Expansionary and personal tendency, highly authoritative characteristics, in the absence of effective constraints, administrative power is more likely to be illegally exercised or abused by administrative public officials, or even used for private interests. Breeding corruption serious damage to the interests of the state and the legitimate rights and interests of administrative counterpart. So it is particularly necessary to restrict the administrative power so as to ensure the normal operation of administrative power. To ensure the administration of administrative public officials according to law, clean administration, to ensure that administrative power is really used for the benefit of the people. Our country has always attached importance to the establishment and improvement of administrative power restriction mechanism, especially since the reform and opening up for more than 30 years, with the continuous progress of the construction of the rule of law in China, our country has been from the legislative, judicial, administrative organs inside. The four aspects of social forces have strengthened the restriction of administrative power and formed the restriction mechanism of administrative power. However, the current administrative power restriction mechanism of our country is not perfect enough. There are also some problems that affect its effective performance. These problems mainly include: the lack of restriction on administrative power by the people's Congress; The restriction of administrative power by judicial organs is lack of maneuverability; The internal restriction mechanism of administrative organs is not scientific enough; Due to the existence of these problems, the restriction mechanism of administrative power in our country has not had a substantial effect on preventing the abuse of administrative power. This paper deeply expounds the basic connotation of the rule of law and the restriction mechanism of administrative power, and the relationship between the two, analyzes the main problems faced by the administrative power restriction mechanism of our country, and draws lessons from the United Kingdom and the United States. On the basis of the successful experience of Singapore, we should strengthen the restriction of the state power to the administrative power and safeguard the authority of the constitution. Strengthening the restriction of administrative power within administrative organs and standardizing the administration of administrative organs according to law; To strengthen the restriction of the judicial organs on the administrative power and to safeguard the judicial justice; Strengthen the social forces to restrict the administrative power, create the atmosphere of the society ruled by law to perfect the administrative power restriction mechanism in the construction of the rule of law in our country, and try to find the administrative power restriction mechanism suitable for the national conditions of China. So that the exercise of administrative power can be standardized, rule by law, so as to effectively contain the corruption of administrative power, improve the efficiency of administrative power for citizens, promote the construction of the rule of law in China.
【学位授予单位】：山东理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D630;D920.0

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