人文主义法律观探析

发布时间：2018-01-30 09:18

本文关键词： 演进考人文主义法律观现实意义　出处：《山东大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：中国社会提出了“以人为本”的科学发展观和社会主义法治理念,重视人的价值又提到了新的高度,人文主义法律观也被重新提起。本文对人文主义法律观的探讨,是建立在西方和中国,古代和近现代,这双重的维度的基础上的,通过阐述西方人文主义法律观和中国传统法律文化,试图吸取二者的精华,并将二者融合运用于我国法治建设的构建之中。本文第一部分,主要从历史的层面对人文主义法律观进行探源。既然想要概括出人文主义法律观的涵义,那么首先面临的问题是对人文主义的解释。在历史长河中,对人文主义一词追根溯源,如果仅局限于这一词汇,那显然找不到它的踪迹。探寻人文主义的思潮,可以从古希腊找到——伴随雅典民主制的发展,神意开始遭到质疑,人开始成为城邦治理的主体,人的地位开始受到重视。可以说古希腊发生了第一次人文主义法律观的变迁,意义重大,但是最终缺乏制度性的肯定而走向了衰败。到了中世纪的文艺复兴时期,人文主义法律观得到了丰富地发展,在前期的主要观念是弘扬人性,后期则是思考人与物的关系,可以说已经形成了一定内容的人文主义法律观。虽然在当时人文主义法律观并没有形成系统完整的理论体系,但催生了古典自然法学的权利学说,为近现代法律制度奠定了深厚的人文底蕴。中国人文主义思想源远流长,开始于殷周,在春秋百家中的哲学中发展很大,但是无论在奴隶制还是封建专制下,中国的人文思想始终摆脱不了阶级束缚,封建色彩浓厚,并存在很大的缺陷——政治依附性、群体性、身份性和直觉性,从而使得人治有了极大的发展空间,阻碍了法治在中国的发展进程。本文第二部分开始把人文主义法律观进行概括性的理论研究,试图总结它的涵义及蕴含的基本价值理念。人文主义虽然概念宽泛,但是仍存在自身独特的涵义,是区别于人本主义和人道主义的。概括人文主义法律观的涵义也是一项吃力的课题,通过对人文主义法律观与“人”,与法律,与科学,与人权这四方面的关系来探索人文主义法律观的基本内涵,从而分析其核心的理念在于——尊重人的尊严,保障人的需要和发展,自由至上,维护平等和权利本位,这些有助于我们更好地理解和把握人文主义法律观念。本文的第三部分则回到了现实的中国,这是理论探讨的终极价值体现,也是笔者写作本文的目的。无论是探寻人文主义法律观的本源还是总结它的涵义,其目的地更好地分析人文主义法律观对中国产生的不可比拟的现实意义。人文主义法律观与我国具体实践相结合,催生了“以人为本”现代法律精神,并丰富完善了人权制度,促进我国法治社会的建立和法律信仰的生成与培养,而且在一定意义上指引当代法学教育的人文性。
[Abstract]:Chinese society has put forward the scientific development concept of "people-oriented" and the concept of socialist rule of law, and the value of human beings has been raised to a new height. The legal view of humanism has also been raised again. The discussion of the legal view of humanism in this paper is based on the dual dimensions of western and Chinese ancient and modern times. By expounding the western humanism legal view and the Chinese traditional legal culture, the author tries to absorb the essence of the two and apply them to the construction of the rule of law in our country. The first part of this article, mainly from the historical level to explore the source of humanism legal view. Since want to generalize the meaning of humanism legal view. Then the first problem is the interpretation of humanism. In the long history, tracing back to the source of the word humanism, if only confined to this word, it obviously can not find its trace, and explore the trend of thought of humanism. Can be found from ancient Greece-with the development of Athenian democracy, the gods began to be questioned, people began to become the subject of city-state governance. People's status began to be valued. It can be said that ancient Greece took place the first change of humanism legal view, which is of great significance. But in the end, the lack of institutional affirmation led to decline. In the Middle Ages Renaissance, the legal view of humanism got a rich development, in the early stage of the main idea is to carry forward human nature. The latter period is to think about the relationship between people and things, can be said to have formed a certain content of humanism legal view, although at that time humanism legal view did not form a systematic and complete theoretical system. But it gave birth to the right theory of classical natural law and laid a deep humanistic background for the modern legal system. Chinese humanism has a long history and began in the Yin and Zhou dynasties and developed greatly in the philosophy of the Spring and Autumn period. However, no matter under slavery or feudal autocracy, Chinese humanistic thought can not get rid of class bondage, feudal color is strong, and there are a lot of defects-political dependence, group, identity and intuition. Thus, the rule of man has a great space for development and hinders the development of the rule of law in China. The second part of this article begins to carry on the general theory research to the humanism legal view, trying to sum up its meaning and the basic value idea. Although the humanism concept is broad. However, there still exists its own unique meaning, which is different from humanism and humanitarianism. It is also a difficult task to summarize the meaning of humanism legal view, through the humanism legal view and "man" and law. And the relationship between science and human rights to explore the basic connotation of humanism legal view, so as to analyze its core idea is to respect human dignity, protect human needs and development, freedom first. To maintain equality and right standard is helpful for us to better understand and grasp humanism legal concept. The third part of this paper is back to the reality of China, which is the ultimate value of theoretical exploration, and is also the purpose of the author writing this article, whether it is to explore the origin of humanism legal view or summarize its meaning. Its destination better analyzes the incomparable realistic significance of humanism legal view to China. The combination of humanism legal view and our country's concrete practice has given birth to the modern legal spirit of "people-oriented". It enriches and perfects the system of human rights, promotes the establishment of our country's legal society and the formation and cultivation of legal belief, and guides the humanism of contemporary law education to a certain extent.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D909.1

【引证文献】