南非关厂制度探析

发布时间：2018-02-04 08:26

本文关键词： 南非劳动法关厂制度中国劳动法　出处：《湘潭大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在南非，罢工权是公民的一项基本人权，为改善劳动待遇，一定人数的劳动者可以在劳动场所集体停止工作以维护其各项权益。但是，当劳动者通过罢工权维护其合法权益时，雇主的各项权益损失却无法受到保护。因此，南非在罢工制度的基础上形成了方便雇主维护基本权益的关厂制度。南非关厂制度自形成以来，经过了逐步发展和进一步完善，已经比较成熟。不仅保障了南非劳动法律体系的发展与完善，更值得其他国家学习与借鉴。南非关厂制度对合法关厂的基本条件以及申请和受理的主要程序等都做出了详细的规定，为维护南非健康的劳资关系发展做出了贡献。但由于关厂权是雇主享有的与工人罢工权相对的权利，雇主天然的强势地位及罢工权立法中保护弱者的初衷就使得南非不得不对雇主的关厂权进行多方限制，以避免关厂权的滥用。当合法关厂被确立时，对罢工者的处理就显得尤为重要。除合法关厂之外，，对于非法关厂带来的损失，雇员既可以提起停止雇主关厂行为的法定程序，也可以要求获得公平合理的赔偿。纠纷解决机制大致可分为公力救济和私力救济两种方式。对于权利救济模式的选择，公力救济模式在南非更加受到推崇，是南非广大劳动者遇到非法关厂纠纷时的主要选择。南非现行的非法关厂权利救济途径分三个层次进行：协商的方式是劳动争议发生后当事人的首选，当事人不愿意协商或协商不成的情况下，可以向自己企业的劳动争议调解委员会申请进行调解；调解不成的情况下可以继续向劳动争议仲裁委员会提交仲裁；在争议发生的任何情况下都可以向有管辖权的劳动法院提起上诉，法院的判决是最终判决，双方当事人必须遵守。南非关厂制度发展到现在已经形成了比较完善的制度体系，对中国相关法律制度的发展具有重要启示：首先我国应建立健全劳工法律制度，建设出符合我国现代化发展的劳动法体系；其次我国应早日建立起中国特色的罢工法律制度，将罢工行为纳入法制轨道；再次应实现集体谈判制度的灵活运用，增强中国工会组织的独立自主性；最后应确立相对独立的劳动诉讼制度，以保障中国劳动法律制度的贯彻与执行。
[Abstract]:In South Africa, the right to strike is a fundamental human right of citizens. In order to improve labour treatment, a certain number of workers may stop working collectively in the workplace in order to safeguard their rights and interests. When workers protect their legitimate rights and interests through the right to strike, the loss of the employer's rights and interests cannot be protected. On the basis of the strike system, South Africa has formed a factory closure system which is convenient for employers to safeguard their basic rights and interests. Since its formation, the South African factory closure system has been gradually developed and further improved. It not only ensures the development and perfection of South Africa's labor law system, but also is worth learning and learning from other countries. The South African factory closure system has made detailed provisions on the basic conditions of lawful factory closure as well as the main procedures for application and acceptance. Contributed to the healthy development of labour relations in South Africa. However, since the right to close factories is a right enjoyed by employers as opposed to the right of workers to strike. The strong position of the employer and the original intention of protecting the weak in the legislation of the right to strike make South Africa have to restrict the employer's right to close the factory in many ways in order to avoid the abuse of the right to close the factory. The handling of the strikers is particularly important. In addition to the legal closure of the plant, the employee may initiate legal proceedings for the cessation of the employer's closure of the plant in the event of losses arising from the illegal closure of the plant. Dispute resolution mechanism can be divided into public relief and private relief. For the right relief mode choice, the public relief model is more respected in South Africa. It is the main choice of South African workers when they encounter illegal factory closure dispute. The current relief ways of illegal factory closure rights in South Africa are divided into three levels: the way of negotiation is the first choice of the parties after the labor dispute. If the parties are unwilling to negotiate or fail to negotiate, they may apply to the labor dispute mediation committee of their own enterprise for mediation; If mediation fails, it may continue to submit to the Labor dispute Arbitration Commission for arbitration; In any event a dispute may be appealed to a competent labor court whose decision is final and subject to compliance by both parties. South African factory closure system has formed a relatively perfect system, which has important implications for the development of China's relevant legal system: first of all, China should establish and improve the labor legal system. To build a labor law system in line with the development of China's modernization; Secondly, our country should establish the strike legal system with Chinese characteristics as soon as possible and bring the strike behavior into the legal orbit; Thirdly, the flexible application of collective bargaining system should be realized, and the independence of China's trade union organizations should be strengthened. Finally, a relatively independent labor litigation system should be established to ensure the implementation and enforcement of China's labor law system.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D947.8

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