浅析美国禁酒法案通过的原因

发布时间：2018-02-04 20:45

本文关键词： 禁酒运动禁酒法案宗教工业化与城市化新移民　出处：《四川外国语大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在美国大大小小的改革运动中,禁酒运动,是一场独具特色的理想主义的社会实践。它萌发于殖民地时期,形成于独立战争以后,随之席卷美国社会各个阶层,并于19世纪末20世纪初通过了禁酒法案,达到高潮。从温和规劝到强制禁酒再到立法废除,美国这场戏剧性的改革运动有着其极其复杂的宗教、政治、经济和社会等历史原因:不断加快的城市化与工业化脚步,不断变化的社会结构,日益尖锐的社会问题,导致美国传统的道德体系——新教伦理和清教精神受到巨大的冲击;此外,来自南欧和东欧的“新天主教移民”不断涌入美国,强烈冲击着原有的传统新教社会;与此同时,不断攀升的酒类消费量,以及不断涌现的社会矛盾,使处在焦虑中的社会各阶层把酒视为一切罪恶的源头。在这样错综复的社会背景下,禁酒运动,由温和走向激烈,由地方走向全国,酒成为各种文化冲突和社会情绪的急切消除的对象,并最终导致了1920年禁酒法案的通过。本文试图从三个章节分析禁酒法案最终在二十世纪二十年代通过的原因。第一章从贯穿美国社会各个角落的宗教分析是怎么最终导致禁酒运动爆发的;第二章从导致禁酒运动最终爆发的工业化和城市化因素分析;第三章考察了这一时期来自东南欧贫困国家的新移民是怎么影响美国大众并导致美国二十世纪二十年代最终通过禁酒法案的这一主要原因。
[Abstract]:In the reform movement of American large and small, the ban on alcohol movement is a unique idealistic social practice. It sprouted in the colonial period, formed after the War of Independence, and then swept across all strata of American society. From moderate exhortation to compulsory prohibition to legislative abolition, the dramatic reform movement in the United States had its extremely complex religion and politics. Economic and social historical reasons: accelerating pace of urbanization and industrialization, constantly changing social structure, increasingly acute social problems. As a result, the traditional American moral system-Protestant ethics and Puritanism were greatly impacted; In addition, "Protestant Catholic immigrants" from Southern and Eastern Europe continued to pour into the United States, strongly impacting the original traditional Protestant society; At the same time, the rising consumption of alcohol, as well as the emerging social contradictions, so that all sectors of society in anxiety as the source of all evil. In such a complex social context, the anti-alcohol movement. From mild to intense, from local to national, wine has become the object of various cultural conflicts and the urgent elimination of social emotions. This paper attempts to analyze the reasons for the passage of the Prohibition Act in 1920s from three chapters. The first chapter is a religious analysis of every corner of American society. How eventually the anti-alcohol movement broke out; The second chapter analyzes the factors of industrialization and urbanization that led to the final outbreak of the anti-alcohol movement. The third chapter examines how the new immigrants from the poor countries of South-Eastern Europe influenced the American public and finally passed the Anti-Alcohol Act in 1920s.
【学位授予单位】：四川外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D971.2;DD912.1

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