12-16世纪英国治安法官制度研究

发布时间：2018-02-11 11:12

本文关键词： 12—16世纪英国治安法官制度　出处：《天津师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：12—16世纪是英国由中世纪向近代社会转变的关键时期,这一时期无论是经济还是社会政治都发生了剧烈变革,治安法官制度正是英国司法行政体系变革中孕育的新生儿。治安法官起源于12世纪末出现的治安维持官,此后逐渐发展为一种制度,16世纪是治安法官制度的黄金时期,此时期不仅是对之前治安法官所有职能的总结,更是最大限度的赋予了他们更多的职能,奠定了之后三个世纪中治安法官制度的基础。加强对12—16世纪治安法官制度的研究有助于我们更深入的理解英国社会的转型,挖掘其内部发展的动力。因此,本文尝试从历史的角度,探寻治安法官制度的发展轨迹和人员的选任,考察治安法官制度在政治、经济、社会生活中扮演的角色和作用。本文一共分为四个部分。绪论,主要介绍本文的立意和国内外学者对治安法官制度的研究情况,并就研究方法和创新点进行简单说明。第一章,治安法官的兴起与发展。本章力求对12—16世纪治安法官的兴起与发展做出较为清晰的梳理,并结合当时的社会背景进一步分析治安法官是如何制度化的。第二章,治安法官与基层司法及社会管理。本章首先考察了治安法官群体的人选和任职资格,得出乡绅是出任治安法官的最佳人选。在此基础上分别对治安法官的基层司法职能和社会管理职能进行说明,论证治安法官制度在16世纪已经发展成英国十分重要的且独具特色的制度之一。第三章,治安法官制度与英国社会政治变革。治安法官制度逐渐走向成熟,对当时英国社会政治的作用日益明显,既维持了英国地方自治的传统,又增强了英国王权。结语,总结全文。在四百多年的风雨中,治安法官制度从最初的幼苗成长为都铎王朝的国之栋梁,于细枝末节处维持着整个国家的运作,成为维系地方和中央政府的桥梁,大大推进了英国走向近代的步伐。
[Abstract]:The 12-16th century was the key period of the transition from the Middle Ages to the modern society in England, which had undergone drastic changes in both economy and politics. The justice of the peace system is the newborn born in the reform of the British judicial administration system. The magistrate originated in the end of 12th century, and then gradually developed into a system which was the golden age of the system of magistrates in the 16th century. This period is not only a summary of all the functions of the former magistrates, but also gives them more functions to the maximum extent possible. The strengthening of the study of the system of magistrates in the 12-16 century will help us to better understand the transformation of British society and to tap the impetus of its internal development. This paper attempts to explore the development of the system of magistrates and the selection of personnel from a historical point of view, and to investigate the role and role of the system of magistrates in political, economic and social life. This paper mainly introduces the idea of this article and the domestic and foreign scholars' research on the system of magistrates, and gives a brief explanation of the research methods and innovations. The rise and development of magistrates. This chapter tries to make a clear combing of the rise and development of magistrates in the 12-16 century, and further analyzes how the magistrates are institutionalized in the light of the social background at that time. This chapter first examines the candidates and qualifications of the group of magistrates. It is concluded that the squire is the best candidate for the post of magistrate. On this basis, the basic judicial functions and the social management functions of the magistrates are respectively explained. It is demonstrated that in 16th century, the system of magistrates has developed into one of the most important and unique systems in Britain. Chapter three, the system of magistrates and the social and political changes in the United Kingdom. The system of magistrates has gradually matured. At that time, the role of British society and politics became more and more obvious. It not only maintained the tradition of British local autonomy, but also strengthened the British Wang Quan. Conclusion, summing up the full text. In more than 400 years of wind and rain, The system of magistrates grew from the initial seedling to the pillars of the Tudor dynasty, maintained the operation of the whole country at the small points, became the bridge to maintain the local and central government, and greatly promoted the pace of Britain to modern times.
【学位授予单位】：天津师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D951.6;DD916.2

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