从《三刻拍案惊奇》看明代民间的法观念

发布时间：2018-02-23 22:00

本文关键词： 明代《三刻拍案惊奇》民间法观念国家公法情理义利　出处：《南昌大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在中国的传统社会里,民间的秩序主要依靠积久成习的“礼”来维持,国家法对民间秩序的控制有限。这导致古代民间百姓的法观念与官方所确认的正统法观念不尽相同,或者各有侧重点。这些民间的法观念往往在中国古代的各种平民文学或者通俗文学作品中有所反映。小说《三刻拍案惊奇》较好地体现了明代民间的法观念。《三刻拍案惊奇》中的司法审判情形反映了民众对国家法的理解和认识。在明代民间的法观念里,国家法是维护天理的,它会用重刑惩罚悖逆天理的人,因而国家法充满了刑罚色彩,同时,国家法的适用也会由于受到钱势的影响而存在漏洞。民众在此国法意识的引导下,于私人之间的“合约”与“和约”行为中形成了民间的私约法观念。《三刻拍案惊奇》中的民间私约情形反映了民众有着认可文约书契具有法律效力,强调在交易关系中义利对等,以及认同息讼价值取向的法观念。而当国家法的规制与民间的法律理念不一致时,从《三刻拍案惊奇》中民众主张适用法律赦宥情形可知,民众持有以孝屈法,法不禁侠和法贵执中的法观念。
[Abstract]:In the traditional society of China, the order of the folk mainly depends on the "ritual" which has been established for a long time, and the state law has limited control over the order of the folk, which leads to the fact that the concept of law of the ancient folk people is different from that of the orthodox law recognized by the official. These folk legal concepts are often reflected in all kinds of common literature or popular literature works in ancient China. The judicial trial situation in "three Scriptures" reflects the people's understanding and understanding of the national law. In the law concept of the people of the Ming Dynasty, the state law is to safeguard the law of heaven, and it will punish the rebellious person with heavy punishment. As a result, the national law is full of penalty color, at the same time, the application of the national law will also be affected by the money power and there will be loopholes. Under the guidance of this national law consciousness, In the act of "contract" and "peace" between private individuals, the concept of private contract law is formed among the people. It emphasizes the justice and benefit equivalence in the transaction relationship, and the legal concept of agreeing with the value orientation of interest litigation. When the regulation of the state law is inconsistent with the legal idea of the people, it can be seen from the situation that the public advocates the application of the law to pardon the law. People hold filial piety, law can not help chivalrous and Faguei in the concept of law.
【学位授予单位】：南昌大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D909.2

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