凯尔森法哲学研究

发布时间：2018-03-04 07:04

本文选题：凯尔森　切入点：基础规范　出处：《吉林大学》2011年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：汉斯·凯尔森作为二十世纪最伟大的法学家之一,其影响之广大,声誉之隆盛都是少见,凯尔森有此殊荣很大程度上源于他在法哲学方面的深厚造诣,没有他在法哲学方面对于纯粹法学的坚持,成就他最伟大的法学家的殊荣是不可想象的。但是,对于凯尔森的研究就不像肯定他的名声那么一致,大家对于凯尔森的研究最多歧见,这可以说是影响巨大的人物的一般命运。尽管如此,本文还是力图从本质上把握凯尔森法哲学的精神实质,而且希望能从中得到实际的教益,为我们社会主义法制建设服务。笔者认为,凯尔森的思想的重要性不在细节,而在于他奉献给了法哲学思想中两个闪光的瑰宝。第一个瑰宝是他给予了哲学和法律两个领域以一个全新的纯粹法学的概念,第二个瑰宝是他奉献了一个针对正义问题上的一个系统的与纯粹法学思想相一致的针对策略。所谓纯粹法学的概念就是力图把形而上学的道德学说和事实科学的方式方法与法学领域严格区别开来,以实现就法律本身所固有的规则性的本性来对待法律现象,建立法定的规范体系和规范秩序,为国家生活和国际关系的永久正义与和平奠定基础。对待正义问题,凯尔森有一个系统的解决的策略:形而上学问题是理解问题,正义问题的解决是保证正义的规范问题,而司法问题是建立有效的规范系统的问题。这三个问题的相对区分是建立现代司法独立和法治社会的基本观念。但就现代社会的法律实践而言,纯粹法学的观念和策略奠定了现代法治社会的一个方面的基础。凯尔森的纯粹法学理想已经不是书斋里的学问,而是资本主义发展成熟时期的最重要的现实。现在学术界对于凯尔森思想的探讨经常没有针对凯尔森这样一个完整的策略,仅仅针对其中的一个部分实施解析通常是误入歧途的。本文的解析也许找到了正确理解凯尔森思想方法的道路。果真如此,实感冥冥之中,大师垂恩,万分幸运! 在法哲学领域,凯尔森归属于分析实证主义法学阵营。由于凯尔森具有深厚的哲学底蕴,他在汲取科学实证分析方法致力于法律科学化的同时,对精神科学中传承的人文精神予以拯救和保留,开启了规范科学的逻辑分析实证方法,并将该方法贯彻其纯粹法理论的整个法律规范体系。凯尔森不仅致力于法律学成为一门独立的科学,而且希望法律科学能为二十世纪的国家生活秩序和国际生活秩序奠定理性的基础,通过法治解决国家内部、国家之间的矛盾和冲突,以实现世界的永久和平。凯尔森的法哲学思想的重要之处在于他把规范科学的实证化和逻辑分析方法贯彻到了法律思想体系的创建中。本文首先分析了纯粹法理论的哲学背景,试图梳理出纯粹法理论体系的形成脉络,探究凯尔森纯粹法哲学的基本立场和方法,主要研究了凯尔森生活的时代背景以及一些哲学家和法学家对凯尔森理论建构产生的影响。其次,对凯尔森如何建立纯粹的和独立的法律规范系统进行研究。这部分主要论述凯尔森如何厘清法和道德(正义)之间以及法律现实和自然现实之间的关系。法和道德虽同属于规范,但道德规范多是无条件的命令,而且多表现为抽象的原则,且道德呈现出多样性的态势,不同民族、文化背景的人,有着不同的道德观念,具有非常强的主观性。法律规范则具有一定的客观性,具有很强的可操作性,能够成为一体遵行的标准。因此在建构法律科学的过程中,尽量摒除道德对法律的干扰,以实现法律的纯粹。法律事实作为人为规定的权利义务之因果关系联结点,和自然事实的因果关系是有很大差异的。完全运用自然科学的因果关系法则之实证分析方式会毁掉法律科学中的人文精神。凯尔森将法的研究范围局限于国家制定的实在法,将法界定为治理社会的可操作的特殊技术规范。第三是论述了纯粹法学的国家和法的学说。该部分分析了凯尔森如何构建的法的层级规范系统,从静态法体系到动态法体系,法规范的层级效力的关系。重点分析了凯尔森预设的基础规范理论的性质,基础规范理论作为法律规范秩序的逻辑起点和最终效力来源,是纯粹法理论体系的基石。在宪法作为国内基础规范意义上的基础上,将国家定位为法学实体,逻辑论证国家和法律的一元化,为实现国家的法治化奠定理性基础。第四论述了纯粹法学的国际法观念。这部分主要体现了凯尔森的避免世界战争、实现国际社会和平的理想。主要分析凯尔森如何将国际法律秩序定位为国内法律秩序的基础规范的意义上,从而实现了国内法和国际法的一元论,确立国际法的神圣地位。意图国际社会的争端不再通过国家间的战争,而能通过法治化的渠道解决,实现国际社会的法治化。最后联系我国完善社会主义法制和法治社会的需要,提出了凯尔森法哲学对中国法治建设的若干启示。纯粹法理论结构严谨、逻辑自洽,其采用的方法论对中国的法学研究范式起到补充的作用;纯粹法理论作为面向司法领域的法哲学,对我国司法独立的建构有着重要启示价值。凯氏的思想批判也许必要,但给我们的教益恐怕更多,本文希望能够对这些教益展示其一二。
[Abstract]:Hans Kelsen as one of the greatest jurists in twentieth Century, the influence of the majority, reputation Longsheng are rare, Kelsen this award is largely due to his deep attainments in the philosophy of law, without him in the philosophy of law for pure law insist, his greatest achievement award of jurists is unthinkable. However, the study on Kelsen is not sure of his reputation so consistent, most people study for Kelsen differences, which can be said to be influential figures in the general fate. Nevertheless, this paper is trying to grasp the essence of Kelsen's philosophy of law in essence, but also hope to get from lessons for we serve the construction of socialist legal system.
The author believes that the importance of Kelsen's thought in detail, but that he gave the treasure two flash law philosophy. The first is the treasure he gave two fields of philosophy and law to a brand-new concept of pure law, second treasure for his dedication to the consistent one system to the issue of justice and pure jurisprudence thought for strategy. The concept of the so-called pure theory of law is to put the moral theory and the fact that the scientific methods of metaphysics and law field distinguish strictly, in order to achieve the legal rules ofinherent laws of nature to deal with the phenomenon, to establish and standardize the order of legal system and lay the foundation for permanent peace and justice national life and international relations. The justice problems, Kelsen has a system to solve the strategy: metaphysics is understood to ask To solve the problem, the problem of justice is to ensure that the norms of justice issues, and judicial problems is to establish effective regulatory system. The distinction between these three issues is to establish the basic concept of modern judicial independence and the rule of law. But in terms of legal practice in modern society, concepts and Strategies of pure law school established the modern rule of law based on an aspect of society. Kelsen's ideal is not the pure law book knowledge, but the mature period of capitalist development the most important reality. Now the academia study on Kelsen's thought there is often no needle such a comprehensive strategy for Kelsen, only for a part of the implementation of resolution is usually misguided. Analysis of this article may have found the right way of thinking to understand Kelsen. If so, the real sense of destiny, the master down well, very lucky!
In the field of philosophy of law, Kelsen belongs to the analyticaljurisprudence camp. Because Kelsen has profound philosophical background, he devoted himself to scientific laws while drawing on scientific analysis method, to be saved and kept on the humanistic spirit heritage of the spirit of science, open scientific logic specification empirical analysis method, and the method carry out the pure theory of law of the legal system. Kelsen not only committed to law as an independent science, legal science and hope to lay a rational foundation for the twentieth Century national life and international life and order to solve within the country by the rule of law, the contradictions and conflicts between countries, to achieve lasting peace in the world. The importance of Kelsen's law philosophy is that he put the norms of scientific evidence and logical analysis method to implement the system of legal thought In the creation of.
This paper first analyzes the philosophical background of the pure theory of law, trying to sort out the formation process of the pure theory of law system, the basic standpoint and research method of Kelsen's pure philosophy of law, mainly on the background of Kelsen life and the influence of some philosophers and jurists on Kelsen's theory construction.
Secondly, the study of Kelsen pure and independent system of legal norms. This part mainly discusses how to establish the Kelsen how to clarify the law and morality (Justice) and the relationship between legal and natural reality. Law and morality belong to the same specification, but morality is unconditional order, and more performance for the abstract the principle of moral and the diversity of the situation, different nationalities, cultural backgrounds, have different moral values, with very strong subjectivity. The legal norms is a certain objectivity, strong operability, can become one of the compliance standards. Therefore, in the construction process of the legal science try to keep the law, moral interference, in order to achieve the law. The legal facts as purely man-made rules causal obligations of the right relation between points, causal relationship and natural fact there is a big difference The way of empirical analysis of natural science by using the rule of causality of natural science will destroy the spirit of humanity in legal science. Kelsen confined the scope of law to the reality law formulated by the state, and defined it as an operable special technical criterion governing the society.
Chapter third introduces the state and the law of pure law theory. This part analyzes how to construct the system of Kelsen's hierarchy of norms of law, law system from static to dynamic system, relationship between the power of the law norm level. The key point is the analysis of Kelsen's theory of basic norm of presupposition, basic theory as the logical starting point of legal norms standardize the order and ultimate effectiveness of the sources, is the cornerstone of a purely theoretical system of law. In the constitution as the basic norms based on the significance, will be positioned as a legal entity, a unified logical state and law, in order to realize the legalization of the state lays the foundation.
The fourth discusses the concept of international law. The pure theory of law, this part reflects Kelsen avoid a world war, the international community to achieve the ideal of peace. It mainly analyzes Kelsen how to locate the international legal order basis for the domestic legal order of normative significance, so as to achieve the domestic law and international law monism, the establishment of international law is sacred position. The intention of the international community dispute is no longer by the war between countries, and through the rule of law in the implementation of the international community channels to solve the rule of law.
At last, perfect socialist legal system and rule of law in our country, puts forward some enlightenment of Kelsen's philosophy of law for the construction of the rule of law. Chinese pure law theory structured, self consistent logic, the methodology used in the study of law Chinese plays a complementary role; the pure theory of law as the philosophy of law for the judicial field have important implications for the construction of judicial independence in our country. The critique of Kjeldahl may be necessary, but I'm afraid we give lessons more, we hope to show the one or two of these lessons.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D909

【引证文献】