罗马法中租赁与买卖的异同

发布时间：2018-03-11 09:12

本文选题：买卖　切入点：租赁　出处：《环球法律评论》2017年03期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：在《法学阶梯》中,罗马法学家盖尤斯向他的学生讲述了罗马法中买卖和租赁的异同:两者都是合意契约,它们之间存在"亲密的联系";而物的返还是区分这两种契约的主要要素。同时,他又提出了两种存在疑问的情形:公田永久租赁以及角斗士奴隶。由于这两种情形的特殊性,罗马法学家很难将它们划分到租赁契约或者买卖契约中。公田永久租赁的案例中,在没有定期支付租金的情况下存在物的返还,应视为租赁契约。但是直至今日,大多数理论仍将角斗士奴隶的案例解释为两种"异类契约",并认为它们是附条件契约的特例,其效力可以追溯到契约缔结之时。而笔者认为,契约在缔结之时已经要件完备且产生效力,不同的"条件"并不是用来确认契约的法律属性,而是用来在事件发生时确定是哪种契约的情形,并且不具有溯及力。
[Abstract]:In the legal ladder, the Roman jurist Gaius tells his students about the similarities and differences between buying and selling and leasing in Roman law: both are consensual contracts. There was an "intimate connection" between them; and the return of things was the main element of the distinction between the two contracts. At the same time, he proposed two questionable situations: the permanent lease of Takeda and the Gladiator slaves. Because of the particularity of these two situations, It is difficult for Roman jurists to divide them into leases or sales contracts. In the case of a permanent lease in Okada, the return of the existence without a fixed rent payment should be regarded as a lease contract. But to this day, Most theories still interpret the case of gladiator slaves as two kinds of "heterogeneous contracts", and consider them to be special cases of conditional contracts whose effects can be traced back to the time when the contracts were concluded. When the contract is concluded, the elements are complete and effective. Different "conditions" are not used to confirm the legal attributes of the contract, but to determine which contract is the case at the time of the event, and it has no retroactive effect.
【作者单位】：罗马第一大学;中南财经政法大学;
【分类号】：D904.1

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