明代职务犯罪法律制度研究

发布时间：2018-03-20 04:29

本文选题：明代　切入点：职务犯罪　出处：《兰州大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：我国古代的权力结构是沿着集权于中央,集权于皇帝的轨道发展的,并且不断强化。专制主义的中央集权制度得以矗立,有赖于统一的官僚机构的支撑。因而吏治清廉与否对国家机器能否正常运转关系巨大,进而关乎王朝兴替。有效地预防和打击职务犯罪无疑是永葆吏治清明的重要手段。明代有关职务犯罪的法律制度是在吸取往朝各代经验教训的基础上逐步建立起来的,在历史发展中起着承上启下的作用。本文试图通过对明代职务犯罪法律制度的研究获得对明代职务犯罪的一般认识,然后结合当前我国职务犯罪的现状及特点提出现阶段惩防职务犯罪的对策和建议。本文共分以下四部分：第一部分是对明代职务犯罪情况的概述。主要是通过现代刑法理论并结合明代的具体情况对职务犯罪这一概念进行分析和界定；然后在此基础上简要论述明初职务犯罪的立法背景,以及其明刑弼教和重典治吏的立法指导思想；最后将根据明代律令的规定对其职务犯罪分为三类,即贪污受贿性质的职务犯罪行为,司法官吏和军官的职务犯罪行为,玩忽职守,擅权行事的渎职犯罪行为。第二部分是论述明代职务犯罪的相关司法制度。首先阐明对职务犯罪的两种起诉方式,一是类似于现代公诉的弹劾制度,二是体现民众监督的告诉制度；其次通过对初审复审会审判决及奏请制度的论述说明明代对职务犯罪审理的程序和审判制度中的特殊规定。第三部分是明代预防职务犯罪的法律制度。明代预防职务犯罪的法律制度较为完备。在行政法律制度方面,明政府建立了官吏的选拔制度,官吏考核制度和回避制度；监察法律制度是明代预防职务犯罪的重要制度,建立了中央和地方两套监察体系,不论哪套体系,其中的每一个监察机关都有自己特殊的演变历史,并赋予其特殊的监察权力。第四部分对当代我国职务犯罪的现状及特点和明代惩罚职务犯罪的特点进行分别论述,然后在此基础上分析明代惩防职务犯罪的经验教训对我国现阶段职务犯罪惩防的启示。
[Abstract]:The ancient power structure of our country developed along the track of centralization of power and centralization of power on the track of emperors. Depending on the support of the unified bureaucracy, whether the official administration is clean or not has a great relationship to the normal operation of the state machine, and then relates to the replacement of the dynasty. It is undoubtedly an important means to effectively prevent and crack down on the official crime. The legal system on job-related crimes in the Ming Dynasty was gradually established on the basis of drawing lessons from the past dynasties. This paper attempts to obtain a general understanding of duty crime in Ming Dynasty through the study of the legal system of duty crime in Ming Dynasty. Then combining the present situation and characteristics of duty crime in our country, the author puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions to punish and prevent duty crime at the present stage. This article is divided into four parts:. The first part is an overview of the crime of duty in Ming Dynasty, mainly through the modern criminal law theory and combined with the specific circumstances of the Ming Dynasty to analyze and define the concept of duty crime; On this basis, it briefly discusses the legislative background of duty crime in the early Ming Dynasty, and the legislative guiding ideology of its "Ming Dynasty Bishi" and "serious punishment"; finally, it divides its duty crime into three categories according to the provisions of the Ming Dynasty law and order. That is, the crime of corruption and bribery, the duty crime of judicial officials and officers, neglect of duty and malfeasance of authority. The second part is to discuss the relevant judicial system of duty crime in Ming Dynasty. Firstly, it clarifies two kinds of prosecution methods, one is similar to the impeachment system of modern public prosecution, the other is the telling system of public supervision. Secondly, it explains the procedure and the special provisions of the trial system of duty crime in Ming Dynasty by discussing the system of trial judgment and request for first instance retrial. The third part is the legal system of preventing duty crime in Ming Dynasty. The legal system of preventing duty crime in Ming Dynasty is relatively complete. In the aspect of administrative legal system, the Ming government established the selection system of officials, the examination system of officials and the system of avoidance. The supervisory legal system is an important system for the prevention of job-related crimes in the Ming Dynasty. It has established two sets of supervisory systems of the central and local governments. No matter which system, each supervisory organ has its own special evolution history and endows it with special supervisory power. The 4th part discusses the present situation and characteristics of duty crime in contemporary China and the characteristics of punishing duty crime in Ming Dynasty, and then analyzes the enlightenment of the experience and lessons from the punishment and prevention of duty crime in Ming Dynasty on the present stage of our country.
【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D929;D924.3

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