韩非子法哲学思想管窥

发布时间：2018-03-20 09:56

本文选题：韩非子　切入点：法的根据　出处：《河北大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：韩非是先秦法家的主要代表。韩非的基本思想,概括来说是以法为本、法势术结合的思想。法治主义思潮被当作今天的主流思潮。韩非法哲学思想的产生背景和依据有哪些?它又有哪些深刻的内涵?它的这些积极和消极的思想内容对当今法治主义思潮有什么影响?这些便是本文所要思考的问题。文章分为绪论、法的根据、法的实施和作用以及对韩非法哲学思想的评价四章,对韩非法哲学思想进行了归纳和阐述。在绪论部分,文章首先从韩非所处的时代问题进行论述,并对其法治理论进行了阐述,然后又对近20年现代对韩非的研究进行综述。作为文章的重点章节,第二章对韩非法的根据进行重点论述,该章首先论述了法的本体论根据,从韩非的“道为万物之始”的宇宙观开始,详细论述了他对老子道论的继承和发展,最终落脚在韩非的“道”与其法和政治之间的关系阐述上;对于法的人性论根据分为荀子人性论观点和韩非人性论观点两小节进行论述,韩非师承荀子人性恶的观点,并进一步发展为人性自利的观点,为其进行法治统治从根本上提供了理论支持;任何理论的产生都有其自身特定的现实和历史背景依据,法家思想的产生是在春秋战国时期领主封建制与地主封建制交替的时期,这一阶段是我国历史上思想比较活跃的时代,在百家争鸣的思想争论中,法家思想脱颖而出,适应了当时历史发展的要求,并且韩非适时提出了世异则事异、事异则备变的历史观,他将历史分为上古、中古、近古和当今四个阶段,它们之间虽然是存在着一定的差异,但是并不是独立存在的,而是一种延续的过程。韩非法的实施主要是以法为本、法势术结合的思想,也是其法哲学思想的重要内容。本文论述了韩非关于法、势、术的观点,归纳了三者的关系,即以法为主,法术并用,抱法处势。韩非以“抱法”、“处势”、“行术”为实现法制的三位一体的要素。其中“处势”是目的,“抱法”、“行术”是手段。在文章的最后一章主要是从韩非法哲学思想的局限性和儒法两家的斗争及历史命运及现代对韩非的评价和观点三个方面对韩非法哲学思想进行评价。在韩非的法治体系中法律地位虽然较先秦有了更大的提高,但是还是存在着矛盾性和局限性的:法与势、势与术之间存在内部矛盾,而且法家一味强调严刑峻罚的霸道原则,而无视或鄙弃儒家道德理想主义的社会功能,是其理论的严重缺陷。由于韩非继承了荀子性恶论的观念,对德治进行了彻底的批判。他认为人与人之间只有冰冷的利害关系,人情和法术之间有着不可调和的矛盾,所以德治与法治是不能同时并行的。韩非在总结先秦法家理论的基础上,创立了以“法”为本,“法”、“术”、“势”相结合的法治理论体系,成为先秦法治思想的集大成者。韩非子“以法为本”的主张流传到现今社会,虽然其性质有所改变,但依然对中国社会有着深远的影响。现在我们进行的普法活动,在整个社会形成“知法、懂法、守法”的风气,这和几千年前韩非“以法为教”的思想有着一定的思想渊源的。从理论上认识、分析和归纳韩非的法哲学思想,是一种有意义的尝试。用继承与批判的眼光重新审视韩非法哲学思想,对当今法治建设在某些方面也会成为指引。
[Abstract]:He is the main representative of Legalist school. The basic thought of Han Fei, general is taking law as the law, combined with the potential of thinking. The rule of law is thought of as today's mainstream thought. The background and basis of South Korea's legal philosophy have? What is profound connotation? The positive and negative thoughts content what has its influence on the rule of law thoughts? These are the questions to think about.
The article is divided into introduction, according to the law, the implementation and effect of law and evaluation of Korea's legal philosophy of the four chapter of Han illegal philosophy were summarized and discussed. In the introduction part, discusses the problems from the era of Han Fei, and explains the rule of law theory into the line, and then in the past 20 years, modern studies of Han Fei are reviewed. As the key part of the article, the second chapter of Han illegal according to the emphasis, this chapter first discusses the theory based on the ontology of law, from Han Fei's "the road is the beginning of all things" of the universe, he discusses the inheritance and Lao Tzu road the development of theory, finally elaborate the relationship between Han Fei's "the road" between law and politics; the method according to the theory of human nature is divided into Xunzi and Han Fei theory of human nature view of humanity view of two sections, the inheritance of Han Fei Xun Ziren evil view Point, and for the further development of the view of human nature, fundamentally provides theoretical support for the rule of law; any theory has its own specific historical background and realistic basis, legalism is produced in the spring and Autumn period of feudal lords and landlords in feudal period, this stage is the the history of our country thinking more active in the era of ideological debate in the contention of a hundred schools of thought, Legalism, adapted to the requirements of talent shows itself, historical development, and Han proposed something different the world is different, something different is prepared to change the historical outlook, he divided history into ancient, medieval, ancient and present four among them is the stage, although there are some differences, but there is not independent, but a continuation of the process. The implementation of Han Fei is mainly by the method combined with the potential of thinking, but also its philosophical thinking The important content of thought. This paper discusses about the Han Fei method, potential, operation point of view, summed up the relationship between the three, namely the law based spell with Han Fei to hold the law holds the law place potential. "," potential "," operation "three-in-one elements." which realize the legal situation "is to" hold "," operation "means. At the end of the last chapter is mainly from three aspects of the struggle and the historical destiny of Han Fei's legal philosophy and the limitation of the two schools and the evaluation of Han Fei and modern view to evaluate the Han illegal philosophy in Han Fei's legal status. Although the legal system has been greatly improved compared with the pre Qin Dynasty, but there are still some contradictions and limitations: the method and potential, internal contradiction between potential and operation, and Legalists emphasizes a overbearing principle of strict punishment, and ignore or disdain the Confucian moral idealism of social work Energy is the serious defects of the theory. As Han Fei inherited Xunzi evil ideas, by virtue of a thorough critique. He believes that between people only cold interests, irreconcilable contradiction between human and magic, so the rule of virtue and rule of law is not the same when parallel. Based on Han Fei summary on the theory of pre Qin Legalists, founded "the law", "law", "art", "the rule of law theory system of potential combination, become the pre Qin originator legal thoughts. His" law based "idea spread to modern society, although the nature of change, but still the Chinese society has a profound impact. Now we are the legal activities, the formation of" law, the law in the whole society, law-abiding "ethos, and that thousands of years ago Han Fei" law "thought has a certain ideological origin.
It is a meaningful attempt to understand and analyze Han Fei's philosophy of law from a theoretical perspective. It is a meaningful attempt to reconsider Han's legal philosophy. It's also a guide for today's rule of law in some aspects.

【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D909.2

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