论中国古代的“片言折狱”

发布时间：2018-03-20 17:48

本文选题：片言折狱　切入点：法律文化　出处：《吉首大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：任何社会现象都有其产生、发展的历史，一旦抛开历史的联系，所有法律现象都不能得到正确的把握和认识。在中国古代司法领域中出现“片言折狱”这一传统司法现象绝不是偶然的，它有典型的存在运行模式与方式，而其产生更具有深刻的经济、政治和文化等方面的原因，并且它曾一度成为中国古代诉讼领域中对司法官的高度赞誉与衡量标准，笔者想弄清缘何它具有如此巨大的魅力，能够在当时的历史文化条件下取得良好的社会效果并受世人追捧。 “片言折狱”概括而言，就是古代司法机关根据在案件审理中所掌握的一方或双方或证人的一言半语而直接裁判案件。它揭示了中国古代司法实践领域中一种特殊的司法理念和观念，，并日益发展成古代司法官非完全依据证据和逻辑进行主观臆断的一种断狱方式和审案指导思想。借助典型性案例，笔者大致归纳出“片言折狱”在古代司法领域内运行的两种基本模式，分别是经验模式和情理模式。探讨中国传统司法现象产生的原因不能仅限于司法活动的价值本身，而要深入到对其产生起到基础性作用的整个社会存在的层面上，笔者深入剖析“片言折狱”产生的原因，主要集中在四个方面，即农耕经济生产方式、专制政治活动、宗法社会结构和本土礼法文化。 “片言折狱”作为中国古代诉讼领域中对司法官的评价和衡量标准，蕴含了丰富的价值取向，具体表现为追求诉讼效率、贯彻伦理纲常与矜恤仁爱的精神、平衡法与情的冲突以及维护社会秩序的和谐。这些价值追求使得它在某种意义上已经升到传统政治哲学和行政哲学的角度。对“片言折狱”进行全面分析研究离不开对它的客观地评价：一方面，它有积极的一面，它蕴含着中国传统法律文化中的朴素的正义观念、对古代社会非成文法的萌发产生了一定的推动作用，而它丰富的价值取向也成为其积极性的集中体现。另一方面，它也无法避免其固有的缺陷，主要集中在易诱发司法擅断和破坏司法的权威与严肃性上。同时笔者认为还应注重从“片言折狱”中吸取教训以期得到对现代司法的各种深刻启示，主要体现在对我国司法自由裁量权、司法衡平和司法独立等方面的思考上。笔者希望通过对“片言折狱”进行全方位的阐述、分析和评价，使我们可以更加客观公正地理解这一中国传统司法文化中的特殊理念。
[Abstract]:Any social phenomenon has its production, development history, once cast the ties of history and all legal phenomena can't get the correct understanding. "Not the traditional judicial phenomenon in thejudicature field in ancient Chinese is accidental, it is typical of the existing operation mode and mode, and produce more with profound economic, political and cultural aspects, and it has become the Chinese ancient lawsuit field high praise of judicial officers and standards, the author wants to find out why it has such a great charm, can achieve good social effect in the historical and cultural conditions of the time and sought by the world.
Generally speaking, "slice speech to decide cases" is the ancient judicial organs according to the master in the case of one party or both parties or witnesses a word or two and directly referee cases. It reveals China ancient judicial practice in the field of special judicial ideas and concepts, and gradually developed into a non ancient judicial trial manner completely subjective assumptions based on evidence and logic and case guiding ideology. With typical cases, the author roughly summarizes the two basic modes of operation in the field of ancient settle a case at "judicial, respectively is the pattern of experience and management mode.
To explore the causes of China not traditional judicial phenomenon only in judicial activities in the value of itself, and to further to play a fundamental role in the whole society is part of it, the author analyzes the reasons of settle a case at ", mainly concentrated in four aspects, namely agricultural economic mode of production, the autocratic political activities. Patriarchal clan social structure and local etiquette culture.
"As the ancient Chinese settle a case at" litigation of judicial appraisal and measure standard, contains rich value orientation, is a concrete manifestation of the pursuit of the efficiency of lawsuit, implementingethics and love spirit, balancing the conflict between law and sentiment and maintain harmonious social order. All these make it in some sense has risen to the traditional political philosophy and administrative philosophy angle.
To conduct a comprehensive analysis and study cannot do without an objective evaluation on it to settle a case at ": on the one hand, it has the positive side, it contains the concept of justice China traditional legal culture in the ancient society of simple, non have a certain role in promoting the germination and the value orientation of grammar, it has also become rich embodies its enthusiasm. On the other hand, it cannot avoid its inherent defects, mainly concentrated in inducing judicial tyranny and destroy the authority and seriousness of the administration of justice.
At the same time, the author thinks that should pay attention to the lessons from "in order to settle a case at" get all kinds of profound enlightenment to the modern judicial, mainly embodied in the judicial discretion in our country right thinking, judicial equity and judicial independence and so on. The author hopes that through the comprehensive exposition of "analysis and evaluation, settle a case at". So that we can more objectively understand the special idea of this Chinese traditional judicial culture.

【学位授予单位】：吉首大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D909.2

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