日本法制控近代化过程中的法学教育

发布时间：2018-03-21 16:55

本文选题：法学教育　切入点：法制近代化　出处：《兰州大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：日本法制史是一部不断移植国外法律的历史,不断地借鉴和吸收国外优秀法制文化的历史。在近代,明治维新后,日本把学习的目光看向了西方诸国,在“殖产兴业、文明开化、富国强兵”政策的指引下开始进行一系列资产阶级性质的改革,其中包括法律制度和法学教育。在改革的推进中,日本社会发生了巨大变化。在日本这个近代化的历史上,有一个非常有意思的情况很是耐人寻味,那就是日本近代法律学校成为日本近现代高等教育的发源地,日本今天的大学大都可以追溯到明治维新时期的法律学校,要么是当时的私立法律学校,要么是当时的官公立法律学校。纵观日本近代化的历史,可以说,这一情况的产生是由日本近代化的特点所决定的。日本法学教育形成于明治维新时期建立的明法寮,经历了形成、发展不同阶段。到二十世纪初,日本近代法律体系基本建立,至此,日本的官办法学教育与私立法学教育共同发展,相互争鸣,大大促进了日本法律近代化的进程,继受法律深入推进。日本的法制近代化最显著的特征是吸收移植国外的法律,属于继受法,而日本的法学教育也是以西方为师,二者关系密切,相辅相成。在法制近代化过程中,法学教育为其培养了大批专业人才和相关的法律实施人员,并向民众普及法律知识和权利意识,进行思想启蒙和法律启蒙；而同时在法制近代化深化的过程中,对法律人才的需求进一步扩大了,客观上使得法学教育更深入、更普及。日本的私立法学教育在日本近代法学教育的形成和发展过程中具有举足轻重的作用。私立法学教育是在私立法律学校中开始的,在民间和法学家自主发展和政府压制管理统合的过程中曲折发展壮大起来的,其具有自己显著的风格和文化传统,并在此基础上发展成为今天的综合性大学。法政大学的前身是明治时期的和佛学校：明治大学的前身是明治法律学校；早稻田大学的前身是东京专门学校；中央大学的前身是英吉利法律学校；日本大学的前身是日本法律学校；庆应义塾大学的前身虽然不是专门的法律学校,但也在明治时期开设了法学教育；立命馆大学的前身是京都法政专门学校。笔者拟以日本法律近代化为背景,对日本法学教育的发展作一深入考察。
[Abstract]:The history of Japan's legal system is a history of constantly transplanting foreign laws and constantly drawing lessons from and absorbing foreign excellent legal system cultures. In modern times, after the Meiji Restoration, Japan looked to the western countries for study and started its business. A series of bourgeois reforms, including legal system and legal education, were initiated under the guidance of the policy of civilized civilization and enriching the country and strengthening the armed forces. Great changes have taken place in Japanese society. In the history of Japan's modernization, there is a very interesting situation, that is, the Japanese Modern Law School has become the birthplace of Japan's modern higher education. Most Japanese universities today can be traced back to the Meiji Restoration School of Law, either private law schools or public law schools. Looking at the history of Japan's modernization, it can be said that the emergence of this situation is determined by the characteristics of Japanese modernization. Japanese legal education was formed in the Ming Faliao established during the Meiji Restoration period. By the beginning of 20th century, Japan's modern legal system had been basically established. By then, Japan's government-run law education and private law education had developed and contended with each other, which greatly promoted the process of Japanese legal modernization. Japan's legal modernization is characterized by the assimilation of foreign law, which belongs to the law of succession, and Japan's legal education is based on the West, which is closely related to each other. In the process of modernization of the legal system, legal education has trained a large number of professionals and related law practitioners, popularized legal knowledge and right consciousness to the public, and carried on the ideological enlightenment and the legal enlightenment; At the same time, in the process of deepening the legal modernization, the demand for legal talents has been further expanded, which objectively makes the legal education more in-depth and popularized. Private law education in Japan played an important role in the formation and development of law education in modern Japan. Private law education began in private law schools. In the process of the independent development of the folk and jurists and the integration of the government with the suppression of management, it has a distinctive style and cultural tradition of its own. On this basis, it has developed into a comprehensive university today. The predecessor of Facheng University is the Meiji period and the Buddha School: the Meiji University is the Meiji Law School, the Waseda University is the Tokyo specialized School; The predecessor of the Central University is the English School of Law, the predecessor of the Japanese University is the Japanese School of Law, the predecessor of Keio University is not a specialized law school, but it also opened law education during the Meiji period. The predecessor of Lixiingguan University is Kyoto specialized School of Law and Politics. The author intends to make a thorough investigation on the development of Japanese legal education in the background of Japanese legal modernization.
【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D90-4;D931.3

【参考文献】