中西传统权力制约机制差异的文化分析

发布时间：2018-04-08 14:35

本文选题：权力机制　切入点：哲学观　出处：《烟台大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：中西传统权力制约机制存在诸多差异,主要表现在三个方面:第一,在权力制约的基点上,表现为西方的“共和民主”传统与中国的“家天下”传统的差异;第二,在权力制约的模式上,表现为西方在公民社会指导下的“权力制衡”模式与中国在“家天下”和集权传统之下的“帝王监督”模式的差异;第三,在权力制约的手段上,表现为西方的“法治观”和中国的“德治观”之间的差异。中西权力机制差异的原因是多方面的,本文试图从哲学方法论、伦理观和政治观三个方面作递进式分析。在哲学方法论上,西方的“二元对立”观和理性逻辑思维模式为权力分立提供着基本解释,而中国的“和谐统一”观和直觉感悟思维则是集权的基本哲学土壤;在伦理观上,西方的“性恶论”和具有自然法意味的“正义理念”论使得权力制衡成为普遍社会心理,而传统中国的“性善论”和“君道同源”、“法自君出”等观念则为集权统治提供着合理解释;在政治观上,西方社会的基本政治传统可以用“公民社会”、“共和民主”、“法治传统”三个向度来表达,各个向度共同导致权力分立与制衡传统的形成,使得权力运行始终体现“公益”,而传统中国社会则表现为截然不同的情况,“家天下”、“臣民意识”和“礼治”共同构成封建社会的政治特征,合乎逻辑地推衍出集权和私权的政治现象。
[Abstract]:There are many differences in the traditional power restriction mechanism between China and the West, mainly in three aspects: first, on the basis of power restriction, it shows the difference between the "Republican democracy" tradition in the West and the "home world" tradition in China; second,In the mode of power restriction, it shows the difference between the mode of "power balance" under the guidance of civil society and the mode of "imperial supervision" under the tradition of "family world" and centralization of power in China; thirdly, in the means of power restriction,It shows the difference between the western view of rule by law and the view of rule by virtue in China.There are many reasons for the difference of power mechanism between China and the West. This paper attempts to make a progressive analysis from three aspects: philosophical methodology, ethics and political view.In terms of philosophical methodology, the western view of dualism and rational logical thinking mode provide a basic explanation for the separation of power, while China's view of "harmony and unity" and intuitive perception of thinking are the basic philosophical soil of centralization.The western "sexual evil theory" and the "justice idea" theory with the meaning of natural law make the balance of power become the universal social psychology, while the traditional Chinese "sexual goodness theory" and "monarchical homology",On the other hand, the concept of "rule by law" provides a reasonable explanation for centralization, and the basic political tradition of western society can be expressed in three dimensions: "civil society", "Republican democracy" and "tradition of rule of law".Each direction together leads to the formation of the tradition of separation of power and checks and balances, which makes the operation of power always reflect the "public good", while the traditional Chinese society is characterized by a completely different situation, "home under the world"."the consciousness of subjects" and "rule of propriety" constitute the political characteristics of feudal society and logically deduce the political phenomena of centralization and private rights.
【学位授予单位】：烟台大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D091;D909.1

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