关于韩国与中国政府规制改革政策的比较研究

发布时间：2018-04-09 00:35

本文选题：政府规制改革　切入点：市场经济　出处：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：对韩国而言,由20世纪60年代至80年代初,通过实行政府直接接入市场的政府主导型成长战略,实现了超高速经济增长,而其为政府规制的正当性提供了依据。然而,20世纪80年代以后,随着经济及社会的规模逐渐变大而产业结构被提升,为了提高韩国经济的国家竞争力,韩国需要根本性规制改革。故而,韩国政府不仅制定了有关规制改革的法令,而且设置了专职机构。如此,虽然韩国政府持续推进强有力的规制改革,但是对此的评价有明确的分歧。另外,中国在1978年实行改革开放之前,通过实行强有力的中央集权型社会主义计划经济来发挥了政府替代市场的作用。然而,中国政府不仅在1978年推进了改革开放政策,而且在1993年转换了其经济体制,即进入了社会主义市场经济体制,还在2001年加入了世界贸易组织(WTO)。中国政府经过这些过程持续推进了规制改革,而至今为止,在航空业、铁道业、通信业等各种各样的领域内取得了成果。然而,不仅中国的规制法律体系还不健全,而且中国尚未设置具有统一性与独立性的规制机构。因此,本研究不仅通过察看关于政府规制的理论背景,而且通过深层次地考察韩国与中国的规制改革来谋求两国规制改革的改善方向,此则是本研究的目的所在。对本研究而言,在引言中,对于研究的目的、内容及方法进行了讨论;在第一部分中,概括性地陈述了政府规制的理论性考察、政府规制与规制改革的概念、规制改革的必要性、经济性规制和社会性规制以及两者之间的差异等内容;在第二部分中,按照不同时期的执政政府,分析了韩国规制改革的推进业绩及成果等推进内容;在第三部分中,对中国的规制改革而言,分析了规制改革的背景及现状、不同时期的规制改革的内容与对此的评价、规制改革的事例;在第四部分中,不仅得出了要义,而且建议了其改善方向。据此,中韩两国规制改革的改善方向如下:第一,由现在的事前规制方式中摆脱出来而转变为将政府干预最小化的事后规制方式的规制改革的典范转移。第二,在多种利害关系人之间有可能出现对立情形之时,以示范项目来做出成功的事例,并逐渐扩大施行范围的利害关系人的参与和调解纠纷过程。第三,如在规制立案初期的规制影响分析的进行和规定失效制度的引进等规制改革体系的强化。第四,以地区经济发展与地方规制改革的政策目标的相互结合为目的,将地方规制改革的推进主体确定为该自治团体或者地方政府。第五,设立独立的规制改革机构,并以此为中心,在政府各个部门之间、中央政府与地方政府之间、政府与立法部门之间建立广泛的规制改革协作体系。
[Abstract]:For Korea, from the 1960s to the early 1980s, through the implementation of the government-led growth strategy of government direct access to the market, the super-high-speed economic growth has been realized, which provides the basis for the legitimacy of government regulation.However, since the 1980s, with the economic and social scale gradually increasing and the industrial structure has been promoted, in order to improve the national competitiveness of the Korean economy, South Korea needs fundamental regulatory reform.Therefore, the South Korean government not only made the regulation reform law, but also set up a professional agency.So, although the South Korean government continues to push forward strong regulatory reform, but there are clear differences in the evaluation of this.In addition, before the reform and opening up in 1978, China adopted a powerful centralized socialist planned economy to play a role as a substitute for the market.However, the Chinese government not only pushed forward the policy of reform and opening up in 1978, but also changed its economic system in 1993, that is, entered the socialist market economy system, and joined the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2001.The Chinese government has continued to push forward regulatory reforms through these processes, and so far has achieved results in a variety of fields, such as aviation, railways, telecommunications and so on.However, not only the legal system of regulation in China is not perfect, but also the regulatory body with unity and independence has not been set up in China.Therefore, the purpose of this study is not only to examine the theoretical background of government regulation, but also to explore the direction of improvement of regulation reform in South Korea and China.For this study, in the introduction, the purpose, content and methods of the study are discussed. In the first part, the theoretical investigation of government regulation, the concept of government regulation and regulation reform are summarized.The necessity of regulation reform, economic regulation and social regulation, as well as the differences between the two, etc. In the second part, according to the governing government of different periods, the paper analyzes the achievements and achievements of the regulation reform in Korea.In the third part, for the regulation reform of China, it analyzes the background and present situation of the regulation reform, the content and evaluation of the regulation reform in different periods, and the examples of the regulation reform.The direction of improvement is also suggested.Accordingly, the direction of improvement of regulation reform in China and South Korea is as follows: first, from the present pre-regulation mode to the paradigm transfer of regulation reform which minimizes the government intervention after the regulation.Second, where there is a possibility of antagonism among multiple stakeholders, successful cases are made by demonstration projects, and the participation of stakeholders and the process of dispute mediation are gradually expanded.Thirdly, the system of regulation reform is strengthened, such as the analysis of regulation effect at the initial stage of regulation filing and the introduction of regulation invalidation system.Fourthly, aiming at the combination of regional economic development and the policy goal of local regulation reform, the main body of local regulation reform is defined as the autonomous group or the local government.Fifth, set up independent regulatory reform institutions, and take this as the center, and establish a broad regulatory reform cooperation system between the government departments, the central government and local governments, and between the government and legislative departments.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.2;D931.26;DD912.2

【参考文献】