马克思法制思想研究

发布时间：2018-04-10 20:46

本文选题：马克思 + 法制思想　；参考：《辽宁大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：马克思主义法制理论是马克思主义理论的重要组成部分,它是同马克思主义理论同步运行的。马克思作为马克思主义理论的创始人之一,他的法制思想不仅为人类认识世界和改造世界提供了强大的思想工具,也对我国社会主义现代化建设具有指引和导向的作用。本文以马克思的法制思想为主要研究对象,总结马克思法制思想的主要内涵,并揭示其对我国的法制建设起到的指导作用。研究马克思法制思想的第一步,就是分析马克思法制思想的来源及实质,探究马克思法制思想的渊源,理清马克思法制思想产生的历史与时代背景。马克思的法制思想是在批判地继承了德国古典哲学家康德、费希特等人的理性理想主义法制观、黑格尔的理性现实主义法制观以及费尔巴哈的人本主义法制观的基础之上逐渐形成的。这些思想集中体现在马克思的《黑格尔法哲学批判导言》以及《德意志意识形态》等著作当中。而在马克思青年时期,也就是19世纪中期,正是欧洲大革命风起云涌的时期。在这样的革命大背景下,马克思发现了资产阶级法制对人类剥削的本质,社会革命和阶级斗争强烈需要法制的保障与支持。特别是无产阶级第一次建立政权---巴黎公社运动的实践,为马克思的法制思想提供了强有力的实践基础。马克思的法制思想正是在理论与实践的基础上完成了其内涵及外延,得出法制是根源于社会物质生活关系的实质。并揭示了法制对于阶级统治的工具性以及法制的政治职能和社会公共职能。马克思生活在资产阶级统治的社会,对于资产阶级法制的本质有着较为深刻的理解。他在许多文章中都对资产阶级法制进行了深刻的分析与批判,本文分析并总结马克思的这些文章,试图揭露资产阶级普选权的实质、三权分立的实质和矛盾;分析资产阶级宪法的虚伪性与实质的不平等性;并对资产阶级的司法制度的不合理性也进行了深刻的揭露,如资产阶级的司法和陪审法庭的压迫性、资产阶级惩罚制度的野蛮性等。马克思通过对资产阶级法制的分析与批判,为实现无产阶级和全人类的真正解放,他对社会主义法制进行了一定的探索。明确的提出了建立社会主义法制的前提条件,即工人阶级要使自己成为统治阶级、社会主义社会要废除旧的所有权关系、必须摧毁旧的法制体系。并以法制的工具性为基础,提出社会主义法制对于建立无产阶级专政以及社会主义建设的强大作用。社会主义法制具有其政治职能、经济改造及文化教育职能,而且社会主义法制与社会主义民主是高度统一的。在实践上,社会主义法制的建立,需要坚持人民当家作主、需要坚持社会主义基本经济制度、需要社会的稳定、和谐与发展。当今世界各国都把法制放在越来越重要的位置,我国这些年也加快了法制建设的步伐。本文的最后一章,着重讨论了马克思的法制思想对于我国建设中国特色社会主义法制理论以及我国社会主义法制的建设都具有怎样重要的指导意义。本文通过历史主义研究方法、阶级分析研究方法、科学抽象与文献研究相结合方法等研究方法,阅读大量的马克思著作,总结并分析出马克思法制思想的内涵,揭示出其对于我国建设具有中国特色社会主义法制理论以及法制建设的指导意义。
[Abstract]:The Marx doctrine legal theory is an important part of Marx theory, it is with Marx's theory of synchronous operation. Marx as one of the founder of Marx theory, his legal thought is not only the human understanding and transforming the world provides a powerful ideological tool, but also can direct the construction of socialist modernization.
Based on the legal thought of Marx as the main research object, mainly summarizes the connotation of Marx's legal thought, and reveal the legal construction of our country has played a guiding role. The first step is to study Marx's legal thought, is to analyze the source and essence of Marx's legal system thought, explore the origin of Marx's legal system thought, clarify the history and background of the times Marx's legal thought. Marx's legal thought is critically inheriting the German classical philosopher Kant, the rational idealism legal concept of Fichte et al., Hagel's rational realism legal concept and on the basis of Feuerbach's humanistic view of the legal system gradually formed. These ideas are embodied in Marx's "Hagel's philosophy of law a critical introduction of German Ideology > > and < and other works. In the period of Marx's youth, is the middle of nineteenth Century, is Is the European Revolution period. In the revolution raging like a storm this background, Marx discovered the bourgeois legal nature of human exploitation, social revolution and class struggle need legal protection and support. Especially the practice for the first time to establish a regime - the Paris commune movement, provide a practical basis for strong legal thought Marx. Marx's legal thought is its connotation and extension on the basis of theory and practice, the legal system is rooted in the relationship between the essence of social material life. And reveals the rule of law for the ruling tool and method of political function and social public functions.
Marx lives in the rule of the bourgeoisie society, has a more profound understanding of the essence of the bourgeois legal system. He in the law system of bourgeoisie made profound analysis and criticism, this paper analyzes and summarizes Marx's articles, trying to uncover the essence of the bourgeois universal suffrage, the essence and the contradiction between the three right discrete; hypocrisy and essence of inequality analysis of bourgeois constitution; the irrationality of the bourgeoisie and the judicial system are revealed, such as the oppression of the bourgeoisie and the judicial court jury, the bourgeoisie the wildness of the punishment system. Marx through the analysis and criticism of the bourgeoisie the legal system, in order to achieve the liberation of people all over the world, he made some exploration to the socialist legal system. Put forward a clear premise to establish the socialist legal system, i.e. The working class to become the ruling class, the socialist society must abolish the old ownership, must destroy the old legal system. And the instrumental method as the foundation, put forward the socialist legal system for the establishment of the dictatorship of the proletariat and socialist construction of the powerful role. The socialist legal system has its political function, economic transformation and cultural and educational functions, and the socialist legal system and socialist democracy is highly unified. In practice, the establishment of the socialist legal system, adhere to the needs of people in power, the need to adhere to the basic socialist economic system, social stability, harmony and development. All the countries in the world put the law system in the increasingly important position in our country in recent years has also accelerated the construction of legal system the pace. The last chapter of this paper, mainly discusses Marx's thought of legal system for China's construction of social Chinese characteristics The theory of the doctrine of the rule of law and the construction of our socialist legal system all have important guiding significance.
This article through historical research methods, research methods of class analysis, scientific abstract and combining literature research method and so on, reading a lot of Marx's works, summarizes and analyzes the connotation of Marx's legal thought, reveals its China characteristics of the legal system of socialism guiding significance for the construction of our country.

【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：A811.6;D909.1

【引证文献】