美国涉外产品责任法律适用及其对我国的启示

发布时间：2018-04-16 17:03

本文选题：涉外产品责任 + 法律冲突　；参考：《湘潭大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着全球经济一体化的进程加快,国际间的经济贸易往来急剧增多,国际间的产品流动性空前扩大,在各国产品责任法的规定存在差异的基础上,涉外产品责任的纠纷日益频繁,这也使得涉外产品责任的法律适用问题复杂化和多样化。而美国的特殊之处在于涉外产品责任法律冲突不仅包括美国与他国之间的法律冲突(“国际冲突”),而且还包括其国内州与州之间的法律冲突(“州际冲突”),这就使得美国的涉外产品责任案件的法律适用更加复杂化、特色化。本文主要阐述的是美国州际之间因法律冲突而产生的法律适用问题。本文先从美国涉外产品责任法律适用的理论方法出发,详细阐述了这些方法的理论基础以及在实践中的运用,然后采用实证分析法、比较分析法对相关案例进行分析,最后结合我国当前涉外产品责任法律适用的动态现状,希望从美国涉外产品责任法律实务中汲取经验,完善我国涉外产品责任法律适用制度。本文分为三个部分,其结构安排如下: 第一部分阐述了研究美国涉外产品责任法律适用的背景和理论实践意义,考察了当前国内外涉外产品责任法律适用的依据或条约,以及取得的一系列成果和不足之处,这为本文的后面部分提供理论基础和指导。第二部分详细阐述了美国涉外产品责任法律适用的理论方法。美国在处理涉外产品责任法律冲突时,最经常运用的理论和方法有侵权行为地法、政府利益分析法、最密切联系原则,这部分详细阐述了这三种理论方法的具体内容以及各自的特点。第三部分考察美国法院处理涉外产品责任法律冲突的实践经验,在案例分析的基础上根据法官选择法律的视角和判决的结果总结归纳出上述理论方法的优点和缺陷,这些结论为下文中涉外产品责任法律适用对我国的启示部分做好铺垫。第四部分总结归纳美国涉外产品责任法律适用对我国的启示。我国当前涉外产品责任法律适用的动态现状正处于一个转折期。因为于2011年4月1日生效实施的《涉外民事关系法律适用法》第45条的出台为我国涉外产品责任法律适用提供了新的依据,而在之前是援用传统单一的侵权行为地法。基于对美国涉外产品责任法律适用和我国涉外产品责任法律适用的分析,我们应该从美国法律实务中汲取经验,以完善我国相关立法,并更好地保护消费者的合法权益。
[Abstract]:With the acceleration of the process of global economic integration, the international economic and trade exchanges have increased sharply, and the international product mobility has expanded unprecedentedly, on the basis of the differences in the provisions of the product liability laws of various countries.The disputes about foreign product liability are becoming more and more frequent, which makes the legal application of foreign product liability more complicated and diversified.The special feature of the United States is that conflicts of laws relating to foreign product liability include not only conflicts of law between the United States and other countries ("international conflicts"), but also conflicts of laws between states within the United States ("interstate conflicts").This further complicates the application of the law in foreign product liability cases in the United States.Characteristic.This paper mainly deals with the application of law between states in the United States due to conflict of laws.Starting from the theory and method of the application of foreign product liability law in the United States, this paper elaborates the theoretical basis of these methods and their application in practice, and then uses the empirical analysis method and comparative analysis method to analyze the relevant cases.Finally, combining with the dynamic situation of the application of the foreign product liability law in our country, we hope to learn the experience from the foreign product liability law practice in the United States, and perfect our country's foreign product liability law application system.This paper is divided into three parts, the structure of which is as follows:The first part expounds the background and theoretical and practical significance of the study on the application of foreign product liability laws in the United States, and examines the basis or treaties for the legal application of foreign product liability at home and abroad, as well as a series of achievements and deficiencies.This provides the theoretical basis and guidance for the later part of this paper.The second part elaborates the theory and method of the application of the foreign product liability law in the United States.The most frequently used theories and methods used by the United States in dealing with conflicts of laws concerning foreign product liability include the law of the territory of tort, the analysis of government interests, and the principle of the closest connection.This part elaborates the concrete contents of the three theoretical methods and their respective characteristics.The third part investigates the practical experience of American courts in dealing with conflicts of law concerning foreign product liability. On the basis of case analysis, it summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of the above theoretical methods according to the angle of view of judge selection law and the result of judgment.These conclusions pave the way for the enlightenment of the application of foreign product liability law to our country.The fourth part summarizes the enlightenment to our country from the application of foreign product liability law in the United States.At present, the application of foreign product liability law in China is in a turning point.The introduction of Article 45 of the Law on the legal Application of Foreign Civil Relations, which came into effect on April 1, 2011, provides a new basis for the legal application of foreign product liability in our country.Based on the analysis of the legal application of foreign product liability in the United States and the legal application of foreign product liability in our country, we should draw experience from the practice of American law in order to perfect the relevant legislation of our country and better protect the legitimate rights and interests of consumers.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D971.2;D923

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