美国实用主义的司法哲学研究

发布时间：2018-04-17 00:02

本文选题：实用主义 + 实用主义司法哲学　；参考：《武汉大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：美国实用主义的司法哲学观缘起于古典实用主义向传统形而上学背离,寻求新方法的时代,实用主义世界观的理解方式、真理观以及方法论上的面向实践经验与效果,契合了美国有别于传统西方而更为务实的民族精神。实用主义的法律观和现实主义、批判法学、社会法学等更为经验性的法哲学方法兴盛,为霍姆斯、卡多佐及波斯纳等人的美国实用主义司法哲学提供了思想方法与命题启示。实用主义司法哲学以霍姆斯的论述为开端,卡多佐为继承者与司法实用主义的实践及阐释者,波斯纳以霍姆斯为智识的导航,带来了司法实用主义理论上的系统论述与复兴。正如卡多佐论述中所现,"司法哲学最终乃是呈现为法官这一司法者的哲学"。实用主义的司法哲学亦要回答时代社会需求以及思想潮流中的问题命题,在观念的继承中发展与回应其他法哲学批判。命题与方法的真知与持存,司法实用主义不会画上句点,而是会继续谱写上自己的流变史。实用主义的司法哲学如同实用主义一样排斥抽象的概念体系,而是以面向经验问题的命题形式及其司法实践,建构起了司法实用主义的法律世界观与科学方法观。霍姆斯基于'坏人'视角下的法律预测论,将司法置于社会需求中的经验与历史,对道德与法律关系的特殊视角等构筑了司法实用主义的基本图景,在联邦宪法诉讼的言论自由审查、洛克纳案中,将司法实用主义运用于对经验及社会需求的关照中。卡多佐则力求在其论述中阐释司法过程的性质及方法,将先例、逻辑、习惯、社会福利、个人的或共同的正义和道德标准等方法运用于法官的案例裁判中。波斯纳式的司法实用主义,则系统论述了法律客观性和自主性基础,揭示了实质规则上道德问题的事实经验本质,引入了经济学等科学实验内容的法律塑造,体现于其实用主义风格的法官审判。美国的实用主义司法哲学形成了对司法过程构造上的法律世界观及其方法论,对理解与揭示美国司法进程具有重要意义。而霍姆斯、卡多佐及波斯纳的著述流传,在司法哲学观念塑造上亦将内化于世界各国自身语境的司法制度实践中。对其恒在性的科学观念揭示与局限性阐述,即是正确理解实用主义司法哲学的必要路径,在我国当下新一轮司法改革进程中,重述这一司法哲学则有他山之石、可以攻玉之效。
[Abstract]:The judicial philosophy of American pragmatism originates from the departure from the classical pragmatism to the traditional metaphysics, the era of seeking new methods, the way of understanding the pragmatism worldview, the view of truth and the practical experience and effect of methodology.It fits in with the more pragmatic national spirit of the United States, which is different from the traditional West.The pragmatism of legal view and realism, critical law, social law and other more empirical philosophy of law flourished, for Holmes, Cardoso and Posner and other people's judicial philosophy of American pragmatism to provide ideological methods and propositions enlightenment.The judicial philosophy of pragmatism starts with Holmes' argumentation, Cardoso is the successor and the practice and explanation of judicial pragmatism, and Posner takes Holmes as the intellectual navigation, which brings about the systematic discussion and revival of judicial pragmatism in theory.As Cardoso argues, "the philosophy of justice is ultimately the philosophy of justice as a judge".The judicial philosophy of pragmatism should also answer the social needs of the times and the question proposition in the ideological trend, and develop and respond to the criticism of other philosophy of law in the inheritance of ideas.The truth and persistence of proposition and method, judicial pragmatism will not draw an end, but will continue to write its own history of evolution.The judicial philosophy of pragmatism, like pragmatism, rejects the abstract concept system. Instead, it constructs the legal world outlook and scientific method view of judicial pragmatism in the form of empirical propositional form and its judicial practice.Based on the theory of legal prediction from the perspective of 'bad man', Holmes constructs the basic prospect of judicial pragmatism by putting justice in the social demand and history, and from the special perspective of the relationship between morality and law.In the review of freedom of speech in federal constitutional litigation, Lockna, judicial pragmatism was applied to the consideration of experience and social needs.Cardoso tries to explain the nature and method of judicial process in his discourse, applying precedent, logic, custom, social welfare, personal or common justice and moral standard to judge's case judgment.Posner's judicial pragmatism systematically discusses the legal objectivity and the basis of autonomy, reveals the essence of factual experience of moral problems in substantive rules, and introduces the legal shaping of scientific experimental contents such as economics.It is embodied in its pragmatic style of judge trial.The pragmatic judicial philosophy of the United States has formed the legal world outlook and its methodology on the structure of the judicial process, which is of great significance to understanding and revealing the judicial process in the United States.The works of Holmes, Cardoso and Posner also internalize the judicial system practice in the context of various countries in the shaping of the concept of judicial philosophy.It is necessary to correctly understand the judicial philosophy of pragmatism. In the course of the new round of judicial reform in our country, the restatement of this judicial philosophy has the effect of attacking the jade.
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D90

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