清代“文字狱”的法律解读

发布时间：2018-04-17 10:25

本文选题：清代 + 文字狱　；参考：《黑龙江大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：清代“文字狱”始于康熙，盛于乾隆。当时的中国疆域辽阔，国家统一，政权相对稳固，国库充实，这恰是中国最后一个封建社会之盛世—“康乾盛世”。而与之形成对比的却是“文字狱”的兴起。“文字狱”的兴起有其特殊原因。当时的统治者需要巩固自身统治、加强思想与文化的统一和打击异己，“文字狱”正是解决这类问题的有效手段。“文字狱”案的审理颇受君主的关注甚至干预，对案犯的惩处，往往比照“谋反”、“谋大逆”等“十恶”罪名。案犯动辄被处以死刑或被族诛。实际上，很多因“文字狱”而受害的人并非故意传播反清思想。更多的案件是统治者望文生义、牵强附会的结果。这种不唯法的审判使得清代司法活动受到一定的冲击，也造成了学术上的禁区和典籍的破坏。但另一方面，，“文字狱”也确实对社会秩序起到了一定维护作用，更从侧面促进了清代小学的兴盛。对于“文字狱”案进行一番法律解读，可以看出当时社会和法律活动的种种特色与矛盾。
[Abstract]:In Qing Dynasty, the word prison began in Kangxi and flourished in Qianlong.At that time, China's vast territory, national unity, relatively stable regime, rich treasury, this was the last feudal era of China-"Kangqian prosperous era."In contrast, the rise of the word prison.There are special reasons for the rise of word prison.The rulers at that time needed to consolidate their own rule, strengthen the unity of thought and culture, and crack down on dissidents.The trial of "text prison" case is concerned and even interfered by the monarch. The punishment of the criminal is often compared with "conspiracy", "connivance" and other "ten evil" charges.The criminal is liable to be sentenced to death or executed by his family.In fact, many of the victims of the word prison did not deliberately spread anti-Qing thought.More cases are the result of rulers who are civilized and far-fetched.This kind of trial made the judicial activities of Qing Dynasty suffer a certain impact, and also caused the academic forbidden zone and the destruction of classical books.But on the other hand, the word prison did maintain the social order, and promoted the prosperity of the primary school in Qing Dynasty.We can see the characteristics and contradictions of the social and legal activities at that time.
【学位授予单位】：黑龙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D929;K249

【参考文献】