波斯纳“财富最大化”理论对我国的启示

发布时间：2018-04-18 03:12

本文选题：波斯纳 + 法律经济学　；参考：《西南大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：法律经济学是法学和经济学的交叉学科,波斯纳作为法律经济学的集大成者提出了“财富最大化”理论,作为20世纪70年代以来最为杰出的法律经济学家之一,波斯纳不仅拥有深厚的法学理论功底,更难能可贵的是其还拥有丰富的司法实践经验,波斯纳在法院工作的经历使其理论不再只是简单的理论,更多反映出法学在实然社会中的状态,波斯法律经济学正是其理论与实践相结合的结晶,研究其理论的最终目的是为指导社会司法的实践。我国司法建设三十多年来面临不少挑战,而波斯纳的法律经济学则为我们提供了独特的经济分析视角,去研究解决改革开放的市场经济中的司法困境,这是一种值得研究的课题。探析波斯纳法律经济学的理论来源,主要通过分析其提出的“财富最大化理论”,全面理解法律经济学的精髓,在批判中去伪存真,提炼出有益于当前我国法治建设的优秀成果。文章探析波斯纳法律经济学形成的各种条件,从最初的功利主义法学派的理论中闪出的经济因素的火花,再到制度经济学的发展为法律经济学的发展创造了制度上的技术支撑,直到以科斯为代表的新制度经济学的出现,革命性的提出了交易--成本的理论,为波斯纳财富最大化理论的提出提供了极大的方便。“财富最大化”原则上是指,将权利初始授予给那些可能最珍视这些权利的人,从而使交易成本最小化。可见,财富最大化理论所追求的是能够使资源利用达到最佳效果,它强调的是法律应保障人们对利益的追求,使法律有利于社会资源有效的配置,而法律的作用在于为实现这种资源的最佳配置提供制度性保障,使资源能够在最珍视者那里实现财富利益的最大化。波斯纳的财富最大化理论突破了传统法学家研究的藩篱,提出用成本--效益的经济分析方法研究法律问题的新视野,但他仅仅从经济学的路径去论证财富最大化理论的合理性,而忽略政治学、社会学、历史学等对法律价值多样性的现实存在。从而使波斯纳财富最大化理论招致的批判也就不可避免,财富最大化理论固然有其自身的缺陷以及所面临现实社会所出现的危机,但这并不能掩盖财富最大化理论的优势和价值。尤其在具体法律制度中的实践更加能够证明财富最大化理论有其独特的存在价值,我国的法治建设还不完善,更应怀着开放的心态,批判的接受波斯纳财富最大化理论中的优秀品质,期待能够汲取波斯纳法律经济学的精髓,为市场济环境下的中国法治建设提供些许启迪。
[Abstract]:Law and economics is an interdisciplinary discipline of law and economics. Posner, as a master of law and economics, put forward the theory of "wealth maximization", which is one of the most outstanding legal economists since the 1970s.Posner not only has a deep foundation of legal theory, but also has rich experience in judicial practice. Posner's experience in court work makes his theory no longer a simple theory.More reflects the state of law in the real society, Persian legal economics is the crystallization of the combination of its theory and practice, the ultimate purpose of the study of its theory is to guide the practice of social justice.China's judicial construction has been facing many challenges for more than 30 years, and Posner's law and economics have provided us with a unique economic analysis perspective to study and solve the judicial dilemma in the market economy of reform and opening up.This is a subject worth studying.Analyzing the theoretical sources of Posner's law and economics, mainly through analyzing his "wealth maximization theory", fully understanding the essence of law and economics, discriminating false things in criticism, and retaining the real things.Abstract the outstanding achievements that are beneficial to the construction of the rule of law in our country at present.From the sparks of economic factors in the initial utilitarian school of law to the development of institutional economics, this paper explores the various conditions for the formation of Posner's legal economics, and creates the technical support of the system for the development of legal economics.Until the emergence of new institutional economics represented by Coase, the theory of transaction-cost was put forward revolutionary, which provided great convenience for Posner's theory of wealth maximization."Wealth maximization" in principle refers to the initial granting of rights to those who may value them most, thereby minimizing transaction costs.It can be seen that the theory of wealth maximization seeks to make the best use of resources. It emphasizes that the law should guarantee the pursuit of people's interests and make the law benefit the effective allocation of social resources.The function of law is to provide institutional guarantee for the optimal allocation of this kind of resources, so that resources can maximize the wealth benefits of the most treasured ones.Posner's theory of wealth maximization breaks through the barrier of traditional jurist research, and puts forward a new field of view to study legal problems with the method of cost-benefit economic analysis, but he only demonstrates the rationality of the theory of wealth maximization from the way of economics.And ignore the existence of political science, sociology, history and so on to the diversity of legal value.Thus, the criticism caused by Posner's theory of wealth maximization is inevitable. The theory of wealth maximization certainly has its own defects and the crisis in the real society.But this does not conceal the wealth maximization theory's advantage and value.Especially the practice in the specific legal system can prove that the theory of wealth maximization has its unique existence value, the construction of the rule of law in our country is not perfect, and we should have an open mind.Critically accepting the excellent quality of Posner's wealth maximization theory, I hope to learn the essence of Posner's law and economics, and provide some enlightenment for the construction of China's rule of law under the market economy environment.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D90-05

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