俄罗斯劳动改造立法及其对我国的启示

发布时间：2018-04-18 19:40

本文选题：俄罗斯 + 俄罗斯联邦刑法典　；参考：《俄罗斯东欧中亚研究》2014年03期

【摘要】：现行的俄罗斯刑事法承继了苏联刑法的余波,再现了苏联解体后法律大变革的创新风采。其中,劳动改造立法伴随着俄罗斯刑事法的变迁而不断完善。劳动改造作为刑罚的一种,从苏维埃时期的萌芽,到1922年苏俄刑法典的确立,直至1996年俄罗斯联邦刑法典的颁布,愈发彰显保护社会与保障人权的变革特点。俄罗斯劳动改造刑罚经历了漫长剧烈的立法考验并依然长盛不衰。根据俄罗斯刑法的规定,劳动改造是由法院判决不剥夺其自由的被判刑人就地强制劳动并且向国家上交部分劳动所得的刑罚方法。它不同于我国已经废止的劳动教养。劳动改造不剥夺人身自由,但是劳动权和经济权受到限制。劳动改造作为独立的主刑适用,不是附加刑。劳动改造只能对有劳动能力的人实行。对不服劳动改造,恶意违规人员予以严惩。俄罗斯劳动改造立法体系较为完善,除了宪法纲领性指导外,以基本法律而论,既有实体上的俄罗斯刑法典有关劳动改造的规定,也有执行上俄罗斯刑事执行法有关劳动改造的规范,此外,还有一系列行政规章、法规、命令等。究其发展历程和鲜明的立法特色,无疑为我国的刑罚构建提供了有益的参考。
[Abstract]:The current Russian criminal law inherits the afterwave of the Soviet criminal law and reproduces the innovation of the law reform after the disintegration of the Soviet Union.Among them, the reform of labor legislation with the Russian criminal law changes and continue to improve.As a kind of penalty, reform through labor, from the germination of Soviet period to the establishment of Soviet criminal code in 1922, to the promulgation of Russian criminal code in 1996, shows the reform characteristics of protecting society and safeguarding human rights.Russia's penal reform through labor has undergone a long and fierce legislative test and is still prosperous.According to the provisions of the Russian criminal law, reform-through-labour is the penalty method by which a sentenced person who is not deprived of his liberty by a court of law is forced to work on the spot and handed over to the State part of the proceeds of labour.It is different from the reeducation through labor that has been abolished in our country.Labor reform does not deprive people of their liberty, but labor and economic rights are restricted.As an independent punishment of the main application of labor reform, is not an additional punishment.Reform through labour can only be carried out for those who have the ability to work.Against labor reform, malicious violations of the personnel to be severely punished.Russia's legislative system on reform through labour is relatively perfect. In addition to the programmatic guidance of the Constitution, as far as the basic law is concerned, there are already substantive provisions in the Russian Criminal Code concerning the reform of labour.In addition, there are a series of administrative rules, regulations, orders and so on.The course of its development and its distinctive legislative features undoubtedly provide a useful reference for the construction of penalty in our country.
【作者单位】：郑州大学法学院;
【基金】：国家社科规划一般项目“俄罗斯转型期司法改革研究”(项目编号:11BFX1153)的成果之一
【分类号】：D951.2;DD914

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