美国残疾儿童受教育权立法保护研究

发布时间：2018-04-19 22:05

本文选题：美国教育 + 残疾儿童　；参考：《沈阳师范大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：特殊教育是教育体系中的一个重要组成部分。受教育权利是人类社会发展到一定阶段的产物,是人类社会进步和发展的文明成果。受教育权作为残疾儿童应该享有的一项基本权利,国家、社会、学校以及家庭都应给予积极的保护。而残疾儿童受教育权作为一项宪法的权利,其产生和发展经历了一个较为漫长的时期。然而在现实生活中,残疾儿童的受教育权状况仍存在着许多问题,这是世界各国教育发展过程中最为关注的问题。从国际特殊教育发展的趋势及人权的角度来看,通过立法实施特殊教育已成为衡量一个国家残疾人是否享受平等人权的基本尺度,也是保障特殊教育发展的必由之路。教育平等是每个国家追求的目标,而残疾儿童受教育权的平等状况则标志着一个国家文明程度的进展状况。美国作为一个教育大国,其宪法平等权发展的精髓即教育平等；残疾儿童教育平等更能体现美国的“人人生而平等”的理念。美国联邦政府颁布的相关法律反映出美国国会对残疾儿童的高度重视,立法成为残疾儿童受教育权的坚强后盾。在整个立法过程中始终贯彻着这样的理念：即确保残疾儿童接受免费的、适合的公立教育；从残疾儿童的教育需要出发,切实保证他们的相关教育权益；各州政府要保证残疾儿童家长及监护人的合法权利：有效评估残疾儿童的受教育权利等等。完善的保障残疾儿童受教育权法律体系,使得残疾儿童的受教育权得到了立法的保护。而我国现有法律仅仅只是形式上对残疾儿童接受教育做出规定,因此有必要从法律层面对残疾儿童的受教育权进行规范。本文希望通过对现代美国教育发展过程中残疾儿童受教育权保护研究,能够为我国的特殊教育发展提供借鉴,促进我国特殊教育的快速发展。
[Abstract]:Special education is an important part of the educational system. The right to education is the product of the development of human society to a certain stage, and the civilized achievement of the progress and development of human society. The right to education, as a fundamental right for children with disabilities, should be actively protected by the State, society, schools and families. The right to education of children with disabilities as a constitutional right, its emergence and development experienced a relatively long period. However, in real life, there are still many problems in the right to education of children with disabilities, which is the most concerned problem in the process of education development in the world. From the point of view of the development trend of international special education and human rights, the implementation of special education through legislation has become a basic measure to measure whether disabled people in a country enjoy equal human rights, and it is also the only way to ensure the development of special education. Equality in education is the goal pursued by every country, and the equality of the right to education of children with disabilities marks the progress of civilization in a country. As a big country of education, the essence of the development of the equal right of constitution of the United States is equality in education, and the equality of education for children with disabilities can better reflect the idea of "all are born equal" in the United States. The relevant laws issued by the Federal Government of the United States reflect that the United States Congress attaches great importance to children with disabilities, and the legislation becomes a strong backing for the right to education of children with disabilities. Throughout the legislative process, the idea is to ensure that children with disabilities receive free and suitable public education, and ensure their relevant educational rights and interests in the light of the educational needs of children with disabilities; State governments guarantee the legal rights of parents and guardians of children with disabilities: effective assessment of their right to education, etc. A perfect legal system to protect the right to education of children with disabilities, so that the right to education of children with disabilities is protected by legislation. However, the existing laws of our country only regulate the education of children with disabilities in form, so it is necessary to regulate the right to education of children with disabilities from the legal level. This paper hopes that the study on the protection of disabled children's right to receive education in the course of the development of modern American education can provide reference for the development of special education in China and promote the rapid development of special education in our country.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D971.2;DD912.1

【引证文献】