南京国民政府时期民事审判制度研究

发布时间：2018-04-21 01:41

本文选题：国民政府 + 民事审判　；参考：《南京师范大学》2008年博士论文

【摘要】： 在中国民事审判制度现代化的进程中,南京国民政府时期民事审判制度的建构具有重要的理论意义和历史价值,值得研究与探讨。首先,南京国民政府民事审判制度是随着近代中国社会内部转型、外部矛盾的演化,在承继民国前期民事审判制度成果的前提下,继续以大陆法系国家民事审判制度为蓝本而构造的民事审判法律体系,它与特定的社会背景相联系,受国民党政治纲领的指导,尽管也提倡审判独立。其次,南京国民政府民事审判是在法律范围内进行的,主要由各级法院民事审判庭及县司法处民庭承办,审级结构由“四级三审制”走向“三级三审制”,再走向“三级为原则,二审为例外”。法院审判组织形式有独任庭和合议庭之分,分别审理不同类型的民事案件。第三,南京国民政府从实际出发,在民事审判立法与司法中确立了尊重当事人意愿、诚实信用等基本原则,以诠释当时民事审判的基本精神,指导民事审判工作实践。第四,管辖、回避、证据、调解作为民事审判的主要制度,在国民政府民事审判中发挥着极其重要的作用。因为管辖制度使审判顺利开始,回避制度确保审判过程和审判结果的公正,证据制度是审判工作的核心,而调解是民事审判的有效补充。在程序规范上,南京国民政府民事审判制度紧紧围绕保证国家正确适用法律、保护当事人合法权益、确保公正审判顺利进行而设计的。作为司法机关及其工作人员,只有严格按照程序规范审理,才能确保法院查明案件事实,正确适用实体法。此外,在监督机制上,南京国民政府时期,形成了多部门监督、大范围关注民事审判的格局,在一定程度上为保障司法公正、提高司法权威提供了保障。综观国民政府时期的民事审判制度,不仅体系完备、内容详尽,而且适用性强。它不断适应社会生活的变化及时调整内容,不断完善立法,使其实现公正裁判的价值,真正维护当事人利益,保障社会稳定。南京国民政府在中国民事审判制度现代化的道路上迈出了值得肯定的步伐,也给当代民事诉讼法制建设以一定的启迪,对当下中国民事审判制度的改革具有现实意义,尽管南京国民政府的民事审判制度有某些局限,但它的历史地位是不可忽视的。
[Abstract]:In the process of modernization of civil trial system in China, the construction of civil trial system in the period of Nanjing National Government has important theoretical significance and historical value, which is worth studying and discussing. First of all, the civil trial system of the Nanjing National Government is following the internal transformation of modern Chinese society, the evolution of external contradictions, under the premise of inheriting the achievements of civil trial system in the early period of the Republic of China. The civil trial legal system, which is based on the civil trial system of the continental law system, is related to the specific social background and guided by the Kuomintang's political program, although it also advocates the independence of the trial. Secondly, the civil trial of the Nanjing National Government is conducted within the scope of the law, mainly undertaken by the civil divisions of the courts at all levels and the civil courts of the county judicial offices, and the structure of the trial levels is changed from the "four-level three-instance system" to the "third-triple-instance system". The principle of "three levels is the principle, and the second instance is the exception". There are separate and collegial courts to try different types of civil cases. Thirdly, the Nanjing National Government has established the basic principles of respecting the will of the parties, honesty and credit in the legislation and administration of civil trial in order to interpret the basic spirit of the civil trial at that time and guide the civil trial practice. Fourth, jurisdiction, avoidance, evidence and mediation, as the main system of civil trial, play an extremely important role in the civil trial of the National Government. Because the jurisdiction system makes the trial start smoothly, the challenge system ensures the justice of the trial process and the trial result, the evidence system is the core of the trial work, and the mediation is the effective supplement of the civil trial. In the procedural standard, the civil trial system of Nanjing National Government is tightly designed to ensure the correct application of the law, the protection of the legitimate rights and interests of the parties, and the smooth progress of the fair trial. As a judicial organ and its staff, only in strict accordance with procedural norms can the court find out the facts of the case and apply the substantive law correctly. In addition, in the supervision mechanism, in the period of Nanjing National Government, the multi-department supervision was formed, and the pattern of civil trial was paid more attention to, to a certain extent, it provided the guarantee for the protection of judicial justice and the improvement of judicial authority. The civil trial system in the period of the National Government is not only complete, detailed, but also applicable. It constantly adapts to the changes of social life, adjusts the content in time, continuously consummates the legislation, makes it realize the value of fair judgment, truly maintains the interests of the parties, and guarantees social stability. The Nanjing National Government has taken positive steps on the road of modernization of China's civil trial system, and has also given some enlightenment to the legal construction of contemporary civil litigation, which has practical significance for the current reform of China's civil trial system. Although the civil trial system of Nanjing National Government has some limitations, its historical position can not be ignored.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：D929;D925.1

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