《青海卫拉特联盟法典》研究

发布时间：2018-05-07 05:05

本文选题：蒙古族法制 + 卫拉特　；参考：《内蒙古大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：1368年,蒙古统治者退出中原后,黄金家族势力日益衰退、汗权旁落,各部封建主各自为政,内部纷争不断,蒙古各部进入了长达二百多年割据纷争的战乱年代。从北元时期开始,蒙古各部封建主们,为加强统治,不断进行立法活动,陆续出台了《图们汗法典》(1576年)、《阿勒坦汗法典》(1578—1582年)、《蒙古·卫拉特法典》(1640年)、《喀尔喀七旗法典》(1603—1639年)、《噶尔丹洪台吉旨令》(1676—1678年)、《青海卫拉特联盟法典》(1685年)、《敦罗布喇什补则》(1741—1761年)等多部重要法典。这些法律法规的制定实施,不仅在其当时历史条件下各自发挥了重要的作用,而且客观上为蒙古族法制建设做出了重要贡献。同时,充分表明了蒙古民族历来是法制民族,也证明了蒙古族立法已进入到自觉的、能动的成文法阶段。本论文研究的是其中的一部珍贵的地方法律文献《青海卫拉特联盟法典》。 1685年,青海卫拉特蒙古和硕特部首领额尔敦达赖洪台吉(青海固始汗其子)为首的封建主以及黄教喇嘛高僧们,在青海卫拉特联盟会议上共同制定并颁布了《青海卫拉特联盟法典》。这时,和硕特蒙古人迁入青海已有48年,其建立的和硕特汗国尚未归顺清政府,仍保留着独立的汗国体制。因此,《青海卫拉特联盟法典》是青海和硕特蒙古尚处在独立状态下形成的法典,保持着蒙古族固有的法律体系风格和法文化传统。《青海卫拉特联盟法典》发展和丰富了古代蒙古族地方法制内容,并积极采纳和引用《阿勒坦汁法典》、《蒙古·卫拉特法典》、《喀尔喀七旗法典》以及藏族法律中的合理内容和编纂模式,具有内容丰富、编纂方法新颖、归类清晰、调整范围广泛、民族特色鲜明的特点。它充分反映了当时青海卫拉特蒙古在调整各种社会关系上的法律需求,同时也能够反映出青海卫拉特地区社会生活、经济、军事、文化、宗教、习俗等方面的真实状况。《青海卫拉特联盟法典》是一部了解和研究蒙古民族法制史的珍贵的古代法律文献,它对于研究十七世纪前后青海卫拉特历史、青藏地区历史以及研究蒙古族法文化和法制沿革都有着重要的理论和现实意义。
[Abstract]:After Mongolia's ruler withdrew from the Central Plains in 1368, the power of the gold family declined day by day, the Khan power fell down, the feudal masters of the various ministries acted on their own, and the internal disputes continued. The Mongolian ministries entered the war period of more than two hundred years of divisional disputes. Since the Northern Yuan Dynasty, the feudal masters of various Mongolian ministries have continuously carried out legislative activities in order to strengthen their rule. The Tumen Khan Code (1576), the Altam Khan Code (1578-1582), the Mongolian Werat Code (1640), the Kalkat Seven Banner Code (1603-1639), the < Gordan Hongtaiji decree] (1676-1678), the Qinghai Weirat Union Code (1640) A number of important codes (1685, Dunrobrahs), 1741-1761, and so on. The establishment and implementation of these laws and regulations not only played an important role in the historical conditions at that time, but also made important contributions to the legal construction of the Mongolian nationality objectively. At the same time, it fully shows that the Mongolian nationality has always been a legal nation, and that the Mongolian legislation has entered a conscious and dynamic statutory stage. This paper studies one of the valuable local legal documents, Qinghai Weerat Union Code. In 1685, the feudal lord headed by the head of the Mongolian and Special Ministry of the Mongolian and Special Ministry of Weilat, Qinghai Province, Hongtaiji (the son of Gushi Khan in Qinghai), as well as the monks of the Yellow Lama, At the meeting of Qinghai Weerat Union, the "Qinghai Weerat Union Code" was jointly formulated and promulgated. At this time, the Heshuote Mongols moved to Qinghai 48 years ago, its establishment of Heshuote khanate has not yet subservient to the Qing government, and still retains an independent khanate system. Therefore, the "Code of the Union of Qinghai Werat" is a code of law formed in the state of independence of Qinghai Heshuote Mongolia. The legal system style and legal culture tradition of the Mongolian nationality were maintained. The "Qinghai Weilat Union Code" developed and enriched the content of the local legal system of the ancient Mongolian nationality. And has actively adopted and quoted the Code of Juice of Aletham, the Code of Werat of Mongolia, the Code of the Seven Banner of Khalkha, and the reasonable contents and modes of compilation of Tibetan laws, which are rich in content, novel in compilation methods, clearly classified, and widely adjusted. The distinctive characteristics of a nation. It fully reflected the legal needs of Mongolia in adjusting various social relations at that time, and it also reflected the social life, economy, military, culture, religion in the area of Werat, Qinghai, at the same time. The Code of the Union of Qinghai Eilat is a valuable ancient legal document for understanding and studying the history of the Mongolian national legal system. It is a valuable ancient legal document for the study of the history of Qilat around the seventeenth century. The history of Qinghai-Tibet region and the history of Mongolian legal culture and legal system have important theoretical and practical significance.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D929

【参考文献】