“公共法律案件”的法理学研究

发布时间：2018-05-17 18:40

本文选题：公共法律案件 + “国家—社会”框架　；参考：《武汉大学》2012年博士论文

【摘要】：本文的研究整体思路是建立在对“国家——社会”框架的反思和应用上。“国家——社会”框架自上世纪九十年代由国内学者从国外引介到对中国问题的研究上，一时间，研究之势蔚为大观，但因为社会层面力量的缺失，公共领域概念适用上的瓶颈，国家社会二者关系处理一度使得对此框架的研究陷入到尴尬的困境之中，均成为我国“国家—社会”框架研究的理论难点所在。笔者拟提出新的研究范畴“公共法律案件”，认为公共法律案件在中国语境下二元公共领域结构中生成，从立法和司法上推动了“国家——社会”的良性互动，是我国“回应型法治”的有效实践。本文主要分为五个部分：第一章提出公共法律案件这一新的概念，近年来发生的诸如许霆案、邓玉娇案、黄静案、药家鑫案等一系列案件从司法领域进入到公共领域，引起了公众的广泛关注和评论，学界对此也有相关的研究。但从研究现状来看，学界并未达成任何理论上的共识，也缺乏宏观研究上的提炼。笔者在开篇提出“公共法律案件”作为此类案件的概括，进而说明为什么选用公共法律案件，公共法律案件的定义、特征以及公共法律案件的类型。同时，笔者强调“公共法律案件”作为一个理论概念的提出并不是本文最终的目的和结果，而是将其作为研究中国社会与法律层面紧张关系的概念性工具。正如韦伯在对社会行为理想类型所设定的那样。因此在进行现实解释之时，对公共法律案件不可能作出严格意义上的划分，近年来发生的如吴英案、许霆案、邓玉娇案、彭宇案、黄静案、胡斌案、崔英杰案等都可以纳入到公共法律案件的范围之内。第二章以对“国家——社会”框架/公共领域理论的理论反思为基础，提出二元公共领域。“国家——社会”框架/公共领域理论自引介入中国之后，遭遇到这一研究范式不能用于解释中国的尴尬境地，其中社会力量的缺失和孱弱和良性互动论中的路径构建成为中国“国家——社会”框架研究的理论瓶颈。在笔者看来，网络社会的出现为社会层面力量的发展注入了新的活力，成为“国家——社会”良性互动的推动力。同时，对于西方经典的公共领域理论笔者认为应该持有更加审慎的态度，中国的公共领域自产生到发展演变到现阶段传统公共领域与网络公共领域二元结构性，表现出不同于西方经验的特征。中国的公共领域存在于国家与社会之间，国家与社会均在场，是国家和社会活动两个领域相互渗透的巨大交叠的区域，既不属于国家，也不属于社会，是国家和社会的共同参与。第三章借助于梅丽教授在《诉讼的话语》一书中对纠纷的意义解释，从公共法律案件中的三类社会行动者对许霆案进行了意义解释，根据德国教授菲利普教授（PhilipKunig）对社会行动者（social actor）的解释，社会行动者是不担任任何国家公职，不代表国家，不属于政府或者不隶属于政府的行政机构，不是立法机构也不接受国家司法机关的任何委托。在笔者看来，公共法律案件中的社会行动者包括当事人、媒体和公众，他们均从自己的角度出发对案件作出了意义解释，并在公共领域形成了公众的话语文本，公众自由表达对公共法律案件的看法、观点和意见，积极热情投身到公共法律案件的解释和重构中，是权利意识(参与意识、监督意识)、义务意识(法律意识、责任意识)的自觉，是公民精神的彰显。第四章在对社会行动者在公共法律案件中的行为进行了意义解释后，笔者将目光转投向国家，国家对公共法律案件进行的解释，是国家基于公共领域话语文本表达出的利益、诉求的应答和认同，，笔者认为这是一种选择性的国家回应：对于一部分公共法律案件仅局限在司法层面，如许霆案、刘涌案的改判；部分公共法律案件导至的是国家立法层面的变化或者是法律的解释，如孙志刚案引起收容制度的废止到国家救助条例的实施，如彭宇案引发了各地见义勇为条例的修订。从内在性结构来看，公共法律案件中国家的回应又可以分为三个阶段：第一阶段表现国家对公共法律案件中体现出来的利益、诉求、期望的认知和判断；第二个阶段是国家依据一定的标准、准则、价值取向对公共法律案件作出评价和认可；第三阶段是国家回应的作出。这三个阶段所体现出来的是一个连续的递进的关系和发展的过程。国家对公共法律案件的回应正是国家同公众话语文本利益表达上达到了动态契合，是国家在我国现代化法治建设过程中对我国法治生态环境出现的某种格局失衡进行的一种“纠偏”，同时，国家正是通过这种“纠偏”在“网络社会/社会”的同构发育的获得正当性。第五章通过对“公共法律案件”这类案件产生、发生的内在规律揭示，透过司法过程总结我国当代转型时期法律和社会紧张与互动关系无疑对于建设社会主义法治国家有着十分重要的理论意义和实践意义。在揭示了公共法律案件的定义、内涵、特征、产生的社会背景、怎样产生以及产生过程和国家的选择性回应后。公共法律案件这一范畴的提出作为我国的司法资源，对法官判决生成、对司法改革、对司法知识传播进程具有重大的推进作用，同时公共法律案件作为普法的新路径在“国家——社会”良性互动下的普法相对于传统的国家向社会单向灌输的普法路径，公众在其中发挥的作用加强，国家的普法政策、计划也相对更加科学，单向的普法灌输变成了双方互动下的普法。在对法律职业共同体的构建上，公共法律案件的出现对检察官、律师以及其他实践法律人的职业化要求也相应的提高，并为法律职业共同体内部实践法律人和学术法律人之间整合提供了契机。对现阶段我国法学教育出现的一些问题之解决上也存在不少启发。同时，公共法律案件平衡了规则性和灵活性，弥补了因为过度强调形式法治而流失的“实质正义”，从某种程度上来说，公共法律案件是国家回应型法治的有效实践。
[Abstract]:The whole idea of this study is based on the reflection and application of the framework of "state society". The framework of "state and society" has been introduced from foreign scholars from abroad to China in the 90s of the last century. With the application of the bottleneck, the treatment of the relationship between the two parties of the state society has once made the study of this framework into an awkward predicament, which has become the theoretical difficulty of the research on the framework of "state society" in China. The author proposes a new research category "public legal cases", which holds that public legal cases are two yuan public leaders in the Chinese context. The formation of the domain structure has promoted the benign interaction between the state and the society from legislation and judicature. It is an effective practice of the "response to the rule of law" in China. This article is divided into five parts.
The first chapter puts forward the new concept of public legal case. In recent years, a series of cases, such as Xu Ting case, Deng Yujiao case, Huang Jing case, Yao Jiaxin case and a series of cases from the judicial field into the public domain, have aroused widespread public concern and comment, and the academic circles also have related research. But from the present situation of the study, the academic circles have not reached anything. The author puts forward "public legal cases" as a summary of such cases in the beginning, and then explains why public legal cases are selected, the definition and characteristics of public legal cases, and the types of public legal cases. At the same time, the author emphasizes "public legal cases" as a reason. It is not the ultimate purpose and result of this article, but a conceptual tool to study the tension in the social and legal aspects of China. As Webb set up the ideal type of social behavior, it is impossible to make a strict division of public legal cases in a realistic explanation. In recent years, such cases as Wu Ying, Xu Ting, Deng Yujiao, Peng Yu, Huang Jing, Hu Bin and Cui Yingjie can be included in the scope of public legal cases.
The second chapter, based on the theoretical reflection of the "state society" framework / public domain theory, puts forward the two yuan public domain. After the "state society" framework / public domain theory has intervened in China, this research paradigm cannot be used to explain the embarrassing situation in China, in which the lack of social power and weakness and good The path construction in the theory of sexual interaction has become the theoretical bottleneck of the study of China's "state society" framework. In my view, the emergence of the network society has injected new vitality into the development of the social level, and becomes the driving force of the benign interaction of "state society". At the same time, the author thinks that the author of the western classical public domain theory should be the motive force. It holds a more prudent attitude. China's public domain has evolved from its generation to development to the current stage of two yuan structure in the traditional public domain and the network public domain, showing the characteristics different from the western experience. The public domain in China exists in the presence of the state and society, the state and the society, and the two fields of national and social activities. The huge overlapping area of mutual infiltration is neither a state nor a society. It is a joint participation of the state and society.
The third chapter, with the help of Professor Yu Meili's interpretation of the meaning of the dispute in the discourse of the lawsuit, explains the significance of the three social actors in the public legal case to the case of Xu Ting. According to Professor Philip of Germany (PhilipKunig) to the social actor (social actor), the social actors do not hold any public duty in any country. It does not represent the state, does not belong to the government or does not belong to the government, nor does the legislature do not accept any entrustment of the state judiciary. In my opinion, the social actors in the public legal case include the parties, the media and the public, all of them make a meaningful interpretation of the case from their own point of view and are in public. The public's discourse text is formed in the field. The public freely expresses views, views and opinions on public legal cases, and actively devote himself to the interpretation and reconstruction of public legal cases. It is the consciousness of rights (consciousness of participation, consciousness of supervision), consciousness of obligation (legal consciousness and responsibility consciousness), which is the manifestation of the spirit of citizenship.
In the fourth chapter, after explaining the behavior of the social actors in the public legal cases, the author turns his eyes to the state, and the state's interpretation of the public legal cases is the response and approval of the state based on the discourse text of the public domain, the response and approval of the appeal. I think this is a kind of selective national response: Some public legal cases are limited to the judicial level, such as the Xu Ting case and Liu Chung case. Some public legal cases lead to the changes in the national legislative level or the interpretation of the law, such as the abolition of the Sun Zhigang case to the implementation of the state assistance regulations, such as the Peng Yu case triggering the rules of justice in all parts of the country. In terms of the internal structure, the response of the Chinese family in the public legal case can be divided into three stages: the first stage shows the state's interest, the appeal, the expectation and the judgment embodied in the public legal cases; the second stage is the evaluation of the public legal cases on the basis of a certain standard, standard and value orientation. Price and approval; the third stage is the state response. The three stages reflect a continuous progressive relationship and the process of development. The state's response to public legal cases is a dynamic agreement between the state and the public discourse text interest, and is the state in the process of the construction of the rule of law in our country. There is a kind of "rectifying" in a certain pattern of imbalance in the ecological environment of the country's rule of law. At the same time, the state is justified by the development of the "rectification" in the "network society / society".
The fifth chapter reveals the inherent law of the emergence of such cases as "public legal cases". It is undoubtedly of great theoretical and practical significance to the construction of a socialist country under the rule of law through the judicial process, which is undoubtedly of great theoretical and practical significance to the construction of a socialist country under the rule of law. The definition, connotation, characteristics, social background, how to produce and produce process and the selective response of the state. The scope of the public legal case, as the judicial resources of our country, the judgment of judges, the judicial reform, the process of the dissemination of judicial knowledge, has a significant role in promoting the process of the dissemination of judicial knowledge. The new path of law, under the positive interaction of "state and society", is relative to the traditional way of instilling unidirectional law from the traditional state to the society. The public's role in it is strengthened. The policy of the general law of the state is relatively more scientific, and the unidirectional instillation of the law has become a common law under the interaction of the two parties. On the basis of the construction, the emergence of public legal cases also improves the professionalization of the procurators, lawyers and other practical legal persons, and provides an opportunity for the integration of legal persons and academic legal persons in the legal profession community. There are also many inspirations for the solution of some problems in the present stage of law education in China. At the same time, public legal cases balance the rules and flexibility, and make up for the "substantive justice" lost because of overemphasizing the form of the rule of law. To some extent, the public legal case is an effective practice of the state's response to the rule of law.
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D90

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