P2P文件共享软件的版权法问题

发布时间：2018-05-18 00:25

本文选题：P2P + 版权　；参考：《中国社会科学院研究生院》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：P2P文件共享技术的出现，给世界各国的版权保护提出了前所未有的挑战。在这场科技与法律的较量过程中，法律往往显得落后一步。然而，最终的结果也尚未卜。由于美国对于网络环境下的私人复制以及版权间接侵权采用的是司法救济的手段，本文主要以美国的P2P版权纠纷系列案为核心进行展开。本文第一章节系统地介绍P2P了文件共享的技术、工作原理及其类型，目的在于发现P2P技术与版权法冲突的根本原因。其中，根据开发者或运营者对P2P共享软件的控制能力强弱，，依次可以分为混合分布式架构、半中心化架构和纯分布式架构。这三种类型的P2P对于各自开发者或运营者的版权责任有着至关重要的作用，决定了作品在P2P软件上的上传、服务器存储（或者缓存）、下载的应有（而实际未进行的）使用许可流程以及运营者的法律地位。本文第二部分主要分析了P2P文件共享软件版权侵权理论及其典型案例。首当其冲的是Sony案，尽管该案并非直接针对P2P技术，但是该案的“实质非侵权用途”理论对于任何涉及版权的技术开发者或者运营者的免责事由有着普适性的作用。其次是Napster案，这是针对P2P的第一案，美国法官首次用判例法中有关帮助侵权和替代侵权的理论艰难地抵抗住P2P技术的第一次冲击。紧随其后的是Grokster案，美国法官大胆突破，提出引诱侵权理论试图“后发制人”。本文第三部分是文章重点，主要介绍了P2P文件共享软件版权问题的最新进展。在引诱侵权这种消极方式打击P2P所涉及的版权侵权仍不充分时，美国法官在LimeWire中明确指出其运营商应当采取而未采取当时市面可行的过滤措施是其承担引诱侵权责任的重要原因。然而，技术仍在发展，美国已经意识到仅仅打击P2P运营者还不足够，开始把矛头转向使用者。另外，美国国会还认为司法手段并不足以有效打击P2P的版权侵权问题，试图从多方面立法解决：首先是提出规范P2P软件运营者和版权内容发布者行为的法案，其次是提出限制政府职员使用P2P软件，再者是提出部分作品的网上使用应适用法定补偿金制度的法案。与此同时，本文还发现，澳大利亚版权人在iiNet案中就P2P侵权的矛头，已经直指网络接入服务提供商。该案对于同为英美法系的美国而言，具有重要的意义——美国的版权人是否也会把P2P侵权的矛头指向网络接入服务提供商？文章结尾部分主要总结了美国采用司法手段解决P2P版权侵权的做法及其优缺点，然后在澳大利亚的相关案例以及美国的相关立法之上，就不断发展的P2P技术，展望未来的版权法发展方向。
[Abstract]:The emergence of P2P file-sharing technology has brought unprecedented challenges to copyright protection all over the world. In this battle between technology and law, the law often appears a step behind. The final outcome, however, is uncertain. Since the United States uses judicial remedies for private copying and indirect copyright infringement under the network environment, this paper focuses on the P2P copyright disputes series in the United States. The first chapter of this paper systematically introduces the P2P file sharing technology, working principle and types, the purpose is to find out the root cause of the conflict between P2P technology and copyright law. According to the ability of developers or operators to control P2P sharing software, it can be divided into mixed distributed architecture, semi-centralized architecture and pure distributed architecture in turn. These three types of P2P play an important role in the copyright liability of their developers or operators, which determines the upload of works on P2P software. The server stores (or caches), the download should (but actually not be) the license process and the legal status of the operator. The second part of this paper mainly analyzes the P2P file-sharing software copyright infringement theory and typical cases. The Sony case, which is not directly targeted at P2P technology, has a universal effect on any technology developer or operator involved in copyright, although it is not directly targeted at P2P technology, but the theory of "material non-infringing uses" has a universal effect on any technology developer or operator involved in copyright. Second is the Napster case, which is the first case against P2P. For the first time, American judges have used the theory of helping and replacing tort to resist the first impact of P2P technology. Closely followed by the Grokster case, American judges boldly broke through, putting forward the theory of inducement infringement in an attempt to "attack later." The third part of this paper is the focus of the article, mainly introduces the P2P file-sharing software copyright issues of the latest progress. At a time when the passive way of luring infringement is still insufficient to crack down on the copyright infringement involved in P2P, In the LimeWire, the American judge clearly pointed out that its operators should take but not take the filtering measures that were feasible at that time, which is the important reason why they bear the liability to seduce the infringement. However, technology is still evolving, and the United States has realized that it is not enough to crack down on P2P operators and is turning its finger on users. In addition, the United States Congress also considers that judicial means are not sufficient to effectively combat copyright infringement in P2P, and tries to solve the problem from various aspects of legislation: first, it proposes a bill to regulate the behavior of P2P software operators and copyright publishers. Secondly, it proposes to restrict the use of P2P software by government employees, and also proposes that the statutory compensation system should be applied to the online use of some works. At the same time, this paper also found that Australian copyright owners in the iiNet case against P2P infringement, has directly targeted network access service providers. This case is of great significance to the United States, which is also a common law system. Will the copyright owners in the United States also point the finger at the network access service providers? At the end of the article, the author summarizes the judicial approach to solve P2P copyright infringement in the United States and its advantages and disadvantages. Then, on the basis of the relevant cases in Australia and the relevant legislation in the United States, the P2P technology has been developing. Look forward to the future development of copyright law.
【学位授予单位】：中国社会科学院研究生院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D971.2;DD913;D923.41

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