英美法商标侵权判定之混淆标准的演化与启示

发布时间：2018-05-24 23:32

本文选题：商标侵权判定 + 消费者　；参考：《北方法学》2017年06期

【摘要】：中世纪到19世纪中叶,英美两国的普通法和衡平法对商标是通过欺诈之诉来保护的。但是,司法实践中过于强调被诉侵权人主观欺诈的意图并不利于保护商标权人的利益。由于商标财产权观的确立和对消费者利益的重视,19世纪中叶之后,法院在侵权判定中开始考察被告行为是否容易导致消费者混淆,商标混淆成为了商标侵权判定的主要依据。在混淆标准确立之后,其在适用范围上不断扩张。混淆标准的演化历史表明,混淆标准的适用范围并非越大越好,混淆标准的立法构造不能够仅仅考虑商标权人的利益,还要衡量消费者和其他参与市场竞争的主体的利益。在商标侵权判定中,法官应从市场的真实情况出发,考察市场中的相关消费者是否确实容易发生混淆。
[Abstract]:From the Middle Ages to the middle of the 19th century, the common law and equity of the United States and the United States protected trademarks through fraudulent action. However, too much emphasis on the intention of subjective fraud of the accused infringer in judicial practice is not conducive to the protection of the interests of the trademark owner. Since the establishment of the concept of trademark property rights and the attention to the interests of consumers after the middle of the 19th century, the court began to investigate whether the defendant's behavior is liable to lead to consumer confusion in the judgment of infringement, and trademark confusion has become the main basis for the judgment of trademark infringement. After the establishment of the confusion standard, its scope of application continues to expand. The evolutionary history of confusion standard shows that the scope of application of confusion standard is not as large as possible, and the legislative structure of confusion standard can not only consider the interests of trademark owners, but also measure the interests of consumers and other participants in market competition. In the judgment of trademark infringement, the judge should start from the real situation of the market and investigate whether the relevant consumers in the market are liable to be confused.
【作者单位】：湖南师范大学法学院;
【基金】：湖南省教育厅项目“中国著作权侵权判定规则研究”(16C0993)的阶段性成果湖南省重点学科建设项目湖南师范大学一流学科建设项目资助
【分类号】：D956.1;D971.2;DD913

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