唐律与罗马法杀伤罪的比较研究

发布时间：2018-05-27 11:42

本文选题：《唐律疏议》 + 《学说汇纂》　；参考：《吉林大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：中华法系与罗马法系是世界公认的最主要法系，也代表着当时东西方法律文化的主要传统。在漫长的法律文化进化中，各有自己的发展顶峰。《唐律疏议》是中国封建专制主义法律制度完备化的基本标志，是中华法系的典型代表，在中国法制史上居于重要的地位。《学说汇纂》是罗马法系的代表性著作，恩格斯对罗马法曾给予高度的评价，称赞罗马法是“十分经典性的法学表现”。资产阶级法学家更是把罗马法奉为制定民法的准则，誉为世界性的“普通法”。两部法典在古代东西方有着举足轻重的位置，而对两部巨著进行比较研究，意义更为深远。不仅可以探究具体法律制度的细微差别和当时立法者的立法意图，而且在研究引起差别化的原因上会有更多的收获，这也是从一个具体规范层面研究中西刑法制度与文化的切入点，以小见大。但两大法系的侧重点不同，中华法系的特点之一是“出礼入刑”，礼刑结合，法典的刑法化色彩特别浓厚，《唐律疏议》便是一部标准的刑法典。与此相反，罗马法作为古代成文法中最发达的法律制度之一，其中最为完备、对后世影响最大的是民法部分。刑法在整个体系中所占的比重很小，而且法典中很多刑事内容的规定被民法化了，产生这种状况有复杂的原因。以往学者对比研究的方向大多侧重于罗马的私法部分，对公法的对比研究甚少。《唐律疏议》和罗马法在刑法文化方面进行比较研究，可以深入探究中西刑法文化的差异性，对东西方刑法文化的产生、发展及对现在的影响有更深入的了解。中西传统法律文化的比较研究，可以让我们对东西方传统法律文化有更深入的理解，中国传统法律的刑事性并不表明中国文化是落后的，它只是从一个侧面透视出这种文化的公法性和国家政治性。相对于西方法律文化中极其发达的私法传统，也仍有刑事法律的存在。中国传统刑法很发达，罗马法刑法不发达，这背后的影响因素与制度设计所揭示的东西，，才是我们需要认真反思的。中国传统刑法文化发达，也映衬了私法的发育不良，而这恰恰是西方法律中最丰富的部分，传统法律文化中我们所缺乏的，或许西方法律文化发达的部分可供我们借鉴与参考。本文以杀伤罪这样一个具体的刑法规范为视角对《唐律疏议》与罗马法进行微观层面的比较，试图突破以往在宏观层面对中西法律文化比较的模式，运用现代刑法学的概念、体系和比较研究的方法解析杀伤罪。具体运用现代刑法的犯罪论、责任论、刑罚论的模式对杀伤罪进行比较，考虑到刑法在两大法系所占比重的差异，本文重点比较两者在刑法上都发达的方面，没有面面俱到，这样做也不可能。综观整个比较研究过程，《唐律疏议》与罗马法都各具特色，以现代的眼光观察过往的法律，我们不能得出这部典籍全面性的优越于另一部，更何况两部典籍是在刑法比重严重不对等的情况下进行的比较。只能说它们各自在某一方面的规定由于复杂的原因，对以后的法律产生影响并不断的趋向于现代性与科学性，更具有法律理性。《唐律疏议》与罗马法都是东西方法制的顶峰，这得益于此前漫长岁月中法律的不断演进与经验的宝贵积累，因为历史的演进亦是经验、智慧、知识丰富与积聚的过程，它们受惠于经验，因而看的远一点。法律的生命在于经验，而不是逻辑。论文在现有研究的基础上，第一，借鉴现代刑法学比较研究的方法，对两大法系传统刑法制度中的具体法律规范进行比较研究，由具体规则的对比上升到思想文化层面，打破以往只在宏观文化层面上的解读。第二，在坚持具体制度上进行比较为主的同时，进行多层面的反思。依据论文主题研究的需要，论文综合使用了语义分析方法、比较分析方法、微观分析方法以及例证研究方法。
[Abstract]:The Chinese law system and the Rome law system are the most commonly recognized legal systems in the world. They also represent the main tradition of the legal culture of the East and the west at that time. In the long evolution of the legal culture, they have their own development peaks. In the history of the system, the compilation of the "doctrine" is a representative work of the Rome law system. Engels praised the law of Rome highly and praised the Rome law as a "very classic legal representation". The bourgeois jurists regarded the law of Rome as the criterion for the formulation of civil law and called the "common law" of the world. The two codes were in ancient times. The East and the West have an important position, and the comparative study of the two monumental works is more profound. It can not only explore the subtle differences in the specific legal system and the legislative intent of the legislator at that time, but also gain more gains in the study of the causes of differentiation. This is also a study of the Chinese and western criminal law from a specific standard. The key points of the system and culture are small. But the emphasis of the two legal systems is different. One of the characteristics of the Chinese law system is "ritual entry into punishment", the combination of ritual and punishment, the criminal law of the code of law is particularly strong, and the "Tang law" is a standard criminal code. On the contrary, the Rome law is one of the most developed legal systems of the ancient written law, The most complete in the future is the civil law. The proportion of the criminal law in the whole system is very small, and the provisions of many criminal contents in the code are civil law, and there are complicated reasons for this situation. The past scholars' comparative research focuses on the private law part of Roma, and the comparative study of public law is very small. The comparative study of Tang law and Rome law in criminal law culture can deeply explore the differences between Chinese and western criminal law culture, and have a deeper understanding of the emergence and development of the culture of the criminal law of the East and the West and the influence on the present.
The comparative study of traditional Chinese and western legal culture allows us to have a deeper understanding of the traditional legal culture of the East and the West. The criminal nature of Chinese traditional law does not show that Chinese culture is backward. It only shows the public law and the political nature of this culture from one side. The traditional criminal law still exists in the law. The traditional Chinese criminal law is very developed and the criminal law of Rome is not developed. The factors behind it and the things that the system design reveal are what we need to reflect on. The Chinese traditional criminal law is well developed and reflects the development of the private law, which is the richest part of the western law. What we lack in the traditional legal culture may be a part of western legal culture which can be used for reference and reference.
This article, based on the specific criminal code of the crime of killing, compares the "Tang law" with the Rome law at a microscopic level, and tries to break through the previous model of the comparison between the Chinese and western legal culture in the past, and to analyze the crime of killing by the concept of modern criminal law, the system and the method of comparative study. On the basis of the comparison of the crime of killing and killing in the mode of the theory of responsibility and the theory of penalty, considering the difference in the proportion of the criminal law in the two legal systems, this article compares the two aspects of the criminal law with the developed aspects of the criminal law, and it is not possible to do so.
In view of the whole comparative study process, both the Tang law and the Rome law have their own characteristics, and we can not conclude that the ancient books are superior to the other in a modern view, and not to mention the comparison of the two classics in the case of the serious and unequal proportion of the criminal law. Because of the complicated reasons, it has an influence on the future law and tends to be modern and scientific, and has more legal rationality. "The Tang law" and the Rome law are the peak of the system of the East and the West. This is due to the continuous evolution of the law and the valuable accumulation of experience in the long years, because the evolution of the history is also the experience and wisdom. The process of knowledge enrichment and accumulation, which is benefited from experience, is far from being seen. The life of law lies in experience, not logic.
On the basis of the existing research, the thesis, first, draws on the comparative research method of modern criminal law, compares the specific legal norms in the traditional criminal law system of the two legal systems, and rises from the contrast of specific rules to the ideological and cultural level, and breaks the previous interpretation only on the macro cultural level. Second, it is carried out on the concrete system. At the same time, we do multifaceted reflection.
According to the need of topic research, semantic analysis, comparative analysis, microanalysis and exemplification are used in this thesis.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D929;D904.1;D914

【参考文献】