我国法律继承问题的反思

发布时间：2018-06-01 22:41

本文选题：法律继承 + 反思　；参考：《吉林大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：法律继承古已有之,笔者认为：具有相同历史文化背景的新旧法律之间的延续、相继、继受,一般表现为旧法(原有法)对新法(现行法)的影响和新法对旧法的承接和继受。对法律的继承不能仅仅看作是对法律条文和具体法律制度的继承,而应该是立法者对于前后两种具有相同历史文化背景的法的精神、理念、思想、文化和原则、制度、规范、技术、概念、术语甚至表达习惯、思维习惯等内容的承接与继受。我国法律现代化进程的实践经验、经济社会发展的历史进程和我国社会发展的自身特点都决定了我国现阶段法律继承的必要性。而人类社会的历史延续性、我国传统法律自身的独立特点和我国传统法律的思想文化及制度与本国本民族自身特点的契合性又使得我国现阶段法律的继承成为了可能。回顾我国古代法律继承的历史脉络,我们发现：1、儒法两家在我国古代法律中此消彼长的现象与其时代背景息息相关。2、凡出现对后世影响大、立法成就高的法典,必然经过长时间的酝酿、修改与融合,这本身就是一个法律继承的过程。3、随着时间的推移,我国古代的法律继承中发展创新的成分逐渐减少,保守僵化的成分逐渐增多从而导致法律的发展逐渐放缓。到了近现代,法律继承的发展曲线是在不断下滑,而且下滑的速度逐渐加快,总体而言,对传统法律的继承在不断被弱化。我们的法律抛弃了很多已经不适应时代发展要求的内容,比如旧的法典编纂形式、旧的刑罚体系、等级特权差异等,保留了一些适应我国社会和本民族特点的制度等等。通过对我国法律继承问题的历史回顾并结合现阶段我国法律继承中存在的问题,我们发现在当前社会发展现状下进一步强化法律继承首先需要坚持正确的扬弃方法。应该将传统法律中的合理成分与社会发展过程中不断出现的新问题在冲突与碰撞中进行有效整合,以稳定、均衡和协调的方式保持法律继承与法律移植之间的动态平衡关系,为维系整个社会系统的稳定发展发挥应有的功能。其次,在进一步强化法律继承的过程中还要防止制度决定论的倾向。对传统法律的继承,就应该将重点放在传统法律的精神、理念、思想、文化甚至是表达习惯、思维方式等内容的继承上,摒弃制度决定论。同时我们也应注重继承过程中价值共识的作用,我们应当从传统法律中的精神、理念中找寻适应当今社会发展的可以作为价值共识的内容,对有些观点可以做现代化的解读,对有些概念的内涵和外延可以做现代化的拓展,结合时代特点予以发扬和提高,探索适应时代发展的科学的法律思想和制度。最后,应该进一步强化法律继承在法律发展过程中所占的比例。笔者不是要否定法律移植,而是认为要在对传统法律和外来法律充分了解的前提下,合理的取舍与整合,注重将“历史因素”与“现代因素”同时进行合理的保留与发展。尤为重要的是我们不能用西方的标准来衡量中国的传统法律,如果这样,我们一切的继承都变为了变相的移植。将符合西方价值观念的内容予以保留,而将适应我国社会的传统特色加以抛弃,那么我们的法律继承势必就会使得自己的法律沦为西方法律的附庸。综上,本文从历时性和共时性的维度分析了现阶段我国法律继承存在的问题,并对法律继承问题进行反思性的粗浅探讨。对此问题的反思不是要刻意放大法律继承的作用,而是应当将法律继承重新摆在法制建设和发展过程中的适当位置,将法律继承和法律移植相结合,并坚持制度创新,使法律继承继续发挥其应有的作用。
[Abstract]:The author holds that the continuation of the old and new laws and laws with the same historical and cultural background, successively and successively, is generally manifested by the influence of the old law (the original law) on the new law (the current law) and the acceptance and succession of the new law to the old law. It should be the legislator's spirit, ideas, ideas, ideas, culture and principles, system, regulation, technology, concept, term and even expression habits, thinking habits and other contents. The practice experience of the process of legal modernization in China, the historical process of economic and social development and the society of our country in the two kinds of law with the same historical and cultural background. The development's own characteristics all determine the necessity of the legal succession at the present stage of our country. The historical continuity of the human society, the independent characteristics of our traditional law and the conformity of our traditional law's ideology, culture and system and its own national characteristics make it possible to inherit the law at the present stage of our country.
In retrospect of the historical context of Chinese ancient law inheritance, we found that: 1, the phenomenon of both Confucianism and France in the ancient laws of our country is closely related to the background of the times.2, and the code which has a great influence on the later generations and the high legislative achievement is inevitable after a long period of deliberation, modification and integration, which itself is a process of inheritance of the law,.3, With the passage of time, the elements of the development and innovation of the ancient legal succession in our country have been gradually reduced, and the conservative and rigid components are gradually increasing so that the development of the law has gradually slowed down. Our laws have abandoned many contents that have not adapted to the requirements of the development of the times, such as the old codification, the old penal system, the difference of rank privileges, and so on, and some systems that have adapted to our society and the characteristics of our nation.
Through a historical review of the issue of legal succession in China and the existing problems in the current legal succession of our country, we find that in the present situation of the development of the society, it is necessary to adhere to the correct method of sublation in the further strengthening of the inheritance of law. To integrate effectively in conflict and collision, keep the dynamic balance between law inheritance and law transplantation in a stable, balanced and coordinated way, and play its due function for maintaining the stable development of the whole social system. Secondly, in the process of further strengthening the legal inheritance, the tendency of the system determinism should be prevented. The inheritance of law should focus on the inheritance of the spirit, ideas, ideas, ideas, culture, even expression habits and thinking ways of traditional law, and abandon the system determinism. At the same time, we should also pay attention to the role of value consensus in the process of inheritance, and we should seek to adapt to the development of today's society from the spirit of the traditional law and the concept of the traditional law. As the content of the consensus of value, we can make a modern interpretation of some views, expand the connotation and extension of some concepts, develop and improve the characteristics of the times, and explore the scientific legal thoughts and systems to adapt to the development of the times. Finally, we should further strengthen the legal inheritance in the development of the law. The proportion of the course is not to deny the transplant of the law, but to consider the rational choice and integration under the premise of the full understanding of the traditional laws and foreign laws, and pay more attention to the rational reservation and development of "historical factors" and "modern factors". The traditional law of the country, if so, all of our inheritance is transformed into a transplanting of disguise. It will be preserved in accordance with the content of Western values, and will be abandoned to the traditional characteristics of our society. Then our legal inheritance will inevitably make its own law fall into the vassal of Western Law.
To sum up, this paper analyzes the existing problems in the present stage of law succession in China from diachronic and synchronic dimensions, and makes a superficial discussion on the question of law inheritance. The reflection of this question is not to enlarge the role of legal inheritance, but should put the legal succession in the process of legal construction and development. It combines legal succession with legal transplantation, and persists in institutional innovation so that legal succession can continue to play its due role.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D909.2

【共引文献】