美国贸易法“337条款”研究

发布时间：2018-06-03 18:50

本文选题：337条款 + 知识产权侵权　；参考：《西南政法大学》2005年硕士论文

【摘要】：337条款是美国《1930年关税法》第337节的简称,它主要规范的是美国国际贸易委员会(ITC)对进口贸易中的不公平竞争方法和不公平行为进行调查的行为。337条款的调查对象不仅包括专利或注册商标侵权,更广泛地包括擅用商业秘密、盗用商品外观、普通法上的商标侵权、灰色市场进口、冒充真货、虚假广告以及违反反托拉斯法等。但从337条款的实际运用来看,绝大部分的337调查案涉及的都是专利或注册商标侵权,因此337条款亦堪称保护知识产权的盾牌。本文共除引言之外分七个部分。引言部分在概括中国对337条款的认识及研究现状的同时也阐明了作者研究美国337条款的动机和目的。第一部分通过分析337条款的屡次修改对其历史沿革进行了介绍。337条款源于《1922年关税法》的316条款,成名于《1930年关税法》,至今已分别在1974年、1979年、1988年以及1994年历经四次大的修改,笔者认为可以将总体趋势归纳为ITC权力的扩大化、适用对象的明晰化和制度设计的日趋合理化。第二部分简要概述了337条款的适用范围。笔者将337条款的适用对象分为知识产权类和其他不公平竞争方法和不公平行为两类。时至今日,337条款最普遍的适用对象是专利侵权,但对于ITC是否有权审查专利的有效性及可执行性曾有颇多争议,直到《1974年贸易法》才最终予以明确,而且侵犯专利是否属于不公平行为的认定也曾几经波折,最后才法定于《1988年综合贸易及竞争法》。其他不公平竞争方法和不公平行为虽种类繁多,但在337条款调查实践中一般很少涉及。第三部分在第二部分的分类基础上对两类案件的侵害认定进行了区别研究。对于知识产权类案件,申诉方只需证明其所拥有的知识产权有效并具可执行性,且美国国内存在相关的产业或相关产业正在建立的过程中即可,不需要作产业损害调查和认定;对于其他不公平竞争方法和不公平行为类案件,申诉方除了证明国内产业存在或正在建立的过程中以外,还必须证明该国内产业受到了损害,且该损害与被诉方的不公平竞争方法和不公平行为存在因果关系。第四部分对337条款调查程序进行了全面的阐释。337条款调查一般需历
[Abstract]:The 337 clause is the abbreviation of the <1930 tariff law of the United States, the 337th section of the United States, which mainly regulates the investigation of unfair competition methods and unfair practices in import trade by the United States International Trade Commission (ITC). The object of investigation of the.337 clause includes not only patent or registered trademark infringement, but also the widespread use of business secrets and embezzlement. The appearance of the goods, the trademark infringement in the ordinary law, the import of the grey market, the real goods, the false advertising and the violation of the antitrust law. But from the actual use of clause 337, the overwhelming majority of the 337 investigations involve patent or registered trademark infringement, so the 337 clause is also a shield for the protection of intellectual property.
This article is divided into seven parts except the introduction.
The introduction summarizes China's understanding and research status of the 337 clause, and illustrates the motive and purpose of the author's study of the 337 clause of the United States.
The first part, through the analysis of the repeated amendment of the 337 clause, introduced the 316 clause of.337 clause from the tariff law of <1922, which was named in the tariff law of <1930, and has been amended in 1974, 1979, 1988 and 1994, respectively. The author recognized that the general trend could be summed up as the expansion of the power of ITC, The clarity of applicable objects and the rationalization of system design.
The second part briefly outlines the scope of application of clause 337. The author divides the applicable object of clause 337 into two categories of intellectual property and other unfair competition methods and unfair behavior. To this day, the most common application object of clause 337 is patent infringement, but there are quite a lot about the validity and executability of whether ITC has the right to examine the patent. The dispute, until the trade law of <1974 was finally clear, and the infringement of the patent belongs to the unfair behavior has also been a few twists and turns, and finally the law in the <1988 comprehensive trade and competition law is more than. Other unfair competition methods and unfair behavior, although there are various kinds, but generally rarely involved in the practice of the 337 clause.
On the basis of the classification of the second part, the third part makes a difference study on the identification of the infringement of the two types of cases. For the intellectual property cases, the complainant only needs to prove that the intellectual property rights owned by the complainant are effective and executable, and the relevant industries and related industries in the United States are in the process of establishing, and do not need to be the industry. Damage investigation and identification; for other unfair competition methods and unfair behavior cases, the complainant must prove that the domestic industry has been damaged in addition to the existing or being established process of domestic industry, and that the damage has a causal relationship with the unfair competition law and unfair behavior of the accused.
The fourth part makes a comprehensive interpretation of the 337 clause investigation procedure..337 generally needs to be investigated.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2005
【分类号】：D971.2

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