主述位理论视角下的中美宪法语言对比

发布时间：2018-06-08 04:52

本文选题：法律翻译 + 主位　；参考：《中国海洋大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：全球化的深入发展以及各国经济文化交流的不断增强，使法律语言及其翻译研究成为当今学术界的众多焦点之一。作为专门用途文体，法律翻译的首要原则是准确性，无论遣词造句还是布局谋篇，译文都必须严谨、缜密、庄重、权威。虽然目前对法律翻译的研究为数不少，但是多集中在措辞句式以及语法构造等方面，而从主位述位理论角度对文本的语篇组织方面关注不多，尚需实证研究。作为一国的根本大法，宪法是其他一切法律条文的制定依据，无论从核心语词、句式特点还是语言风格、语篇谋划，都更为直接地体现了法律语言的特点。因此，本文以中美两国宪法文本为研究对象，采用主述位相关理论，从主位结构以及主位推进模式两个方面，进行对比分析。通过分析，发现以下宪法法律语言特征：（1）主位结构方面，相同点包括：两法律文本中单项主位出现频率最高，而复相主位中，语篇主位较高，人际成分最低；英语在主位结构方面与汉语都力求简洁、准确。不同点包括：汉语法律文本中单项主位占绝大多数，其他类型出现很少；相较而言，美国宪法中主位结构稍显多元化。（2）主位推进模式方面，相同点包括：两法律语篇均包含多种推进模式，其中主要的四种推进模式（延续型、平行型、集中型及交叉型）占绝大多数。不同点包括：英语文本中推进模式类型较多，分布较多样，汉语宪法文本中主位推进模式分布相对集中，主位推进模式变化较少。对此，本论文认为：在法律翻译中，针对以上不同，译者必须进行妥善的处理，或加以保留，或加以修改，使译文更好地符合译入语的文体特征。论文整体框架方面，第一章是绪论，介绍论文的研究背景、意义、目的、研究方法及写作框架；第二章介绍法律语言及其研究现状，揭示主述位相关理论的演变，着重关注主述位理论目前在法律翻译中的研究与应用现状；第三章详细介绍主述位相关理论、主位结构及主位推进模式，并且对应中美两国宪法文本，进行主位结构与主位推进模式的认定；第四章，结合已有研究，运用主述位理论对比分析两国宪法，，得出语篇的相关语言特点。然后提出对原法律文本的主述位特征采用或保留、或修改的方法，提高翻译质量；第五章进行总结，认为关注原文和目标文本的主述位特征会对法律英语翻译有很好的指导作用，以期对相关法律翻译提供一定的参考。
[Abstract]:With the development of globalization and the increasing of economic and cultural exchanges, the study of legal language and its translation has become one of the focuses in academic circles. As a specialized style, the primary principle of legal translation is accuracy. Although there are a lot of researches on legal translation at present, they mainly focus on phrasing and grammatical construction, but not on the textual organization of the text from the perspective of thematic and rheme theory. As the fundamental law of a country, constitution is the basis for the formulation of all other legal provisions. It reflects the characteristics of legal language more directly from the core words, sentence style, language style and discourse planning. Therefore, this paper takes the constitutional texts of China and the United States as the research object, adopts the theory of thematic and thematic correlation, and makes a comparative analysis from two aspects: thematic structure and thematic progression model. The following features of constitutional legal language are found: (1) in terms of thematic structure, the similarities include: in the two legal texts, the frequency of single theme is the highest, while in the complex theme, the discourse theme is higher and the interpersonal component is the lowest; Both English and Chinese try to be concise and accurate in terms of thematic structure. The differences include: in Chinese legal texts, the single theme accounts for the vast majority, and there are few other types; in contrast, the thematic structure in the Constitution of the United States is slightly pluralistic. The similarities include: the two legal texts contain a variety of advancing models, of which the four main types (continuation, parallelism, centralization and crossover) account for most of them. The differences are as follows: there are many types of advancing patterns in English texts, and the distribution of thematic progression patterns in Chinese constitutional texts is relatively concentrated, while the thematic progression patterns change less. Therefore, this thesis holds that: in legal translation, thematic progression patterns are relatively concentrated. In view of the above differences, the translator must properly deal with, retain or modify the translation to better conform to the stylistic features of the target language. Chapter one is an introduction to the overall framework of the thesis, which introduces the background and significance of the study. Chapter two introduces the current situation of legal language and its research, reveals the evolution of Theme-Rheme Theory, and focuses on the current research and application of Theme-Rheme Theory in legal translation. The third chapter introduces the related theories of theme and rheme, thematic structure and thematic progression model in detail, and confirms the thematic structure and thematic progression model according to the constitutional texts of China and the United States. A comparative analysis of the constitutions of the two countries is made by using the thematic theory, and the linguistic characteristics of the texts are obtained. Then, the author puts forward a method to improve the quality of translation by adopting or modifying the thematic and thematic features of the original legal text. Chapter five sums up the subject and rheme characteristics of the original legal text. It is suggested that paying attention to the thematic features of the source text and the target text will provide a good guide for legal English translation, and provide some reference for the legal translation.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D90-055;H315.9

【参考文献】