埃利希习惯法思想研究

发布时间：2018-06-08 08:33

本文选题：埃利希 + 习惯法　；参考：《南京师范大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：埃利希的习惯法思想形成于19世纪末20世纪初。此时的西方社会进入了垄断资本主义阶段。社会问题层出不穷,社会矛盾日益严重。在这种社会背景下,西方人的价值观念开始发生变化,并在法律界掀起了一场法律社会化运动。学者们试图站在社会的视角研究法律。埃利希的习惯法思想就是在这样的社会背景下产生的。埃利希的习惯法思想建立于历史法学派习惯法思想的基础之上,并受到了当时流行的社会学理论和研究方法的影响。埃利希习惯法思想的内容由理论起点和表现形式两个部分组成。“习惯”和“法”被视为埃利希习惯法思想的理论起点。埃利希认为习惯是法的事实的重要组成部分,是社会团体秩序不可或缺的基础。习惯是习惯法的萌芽,构成了习惯法的前身。埃利希着重从功能意义上看待法,并将法视作一种社会秩序。埃利希将习惯法的表现形式分为行为规则和裁判规范两种。首先,习惯法以行为规则的形式表现出来。在埃利希看来,英国普通法是习惯法的典范,体现了英国人的行为规则。其次,习惯法以裁判规范的形式表现出来。行为规则是习惯法的肯定性表现形式,裁判规范则是习惯法的否定性表现形式。埃利希习惯法思想的特点可以概括为三个方面。第一,在论述习惯法思想的过程中,埃利希主要采用了历史主义回溯的视角。这一特点,通过对罗马市民法性质的界定得到了充分的体现。第二,埃利希对萨维尼的习惯法思想进行了强有力的批判。第三,埃利希的习惯法思想强调法官的作用。埃利希将法分为国法、活法、法学家法三类。要想准确把握其习惯法思想的内涵,还需厘清这三种法与习惯法的内在逻辑关系。习惯法与国法之间是一种渗透与制约的关系。两者的区别主要体现在形成条件、内容和作用领域这三个方面。习惯法与活法之间是一种继承与发展的关系。习惯法思想是埃利希法律研究的初级成果,活法思想是其法律思想的终极成果。两者的区别主要体现在内容和意义方面。习惯法与法学家法都植根于社会。法学家法是在对习惯法进行认识和提炼的基础上形成的。两者的区别主要体现在形成时间、内容、作用和性质这几个方面。埃利希习惯法思想的启示分为研究方法、理论评价、实践意义这三个部分。埃利希延用了法人类学的研究方法,并创用了实证主义社会学的研究方法。埃利希的习惯法具有最彻底的反国法性质。但他的“习惯法”过于宽泛,使得习惯法与其他社会规范之间的界限比较模糊。不可忽视的是,埃利希的习惯法思想还带有浓厚的心理学意味和社会进化论色彩,这就使其在价值观方面淡化了传统伦理道德。埃利希强调运用法官的作用,充分发挥法官的自由裁量权。但落实到实践中,这样的主张反而会造成放任法官自由裁量权的后果。除此之外,埃利希的习惯法思想对我国当下正在开展的民间法研究也有着重大的借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:Ehrlich's thought of customary law was formed in the late nineteenth Century and early twentieth Century. At this time, western society entered the stage of monopoly capitalism. Social problems emerged in an endless stream, and social contradictions became increasingly serious. In this social background, the values of the Westerners began to change, and a legal socialization movement was set off in the legal field. Scholars tried to make a social movement. The study of law from the perspective of society. Ehrlich's thought of habitual law was produced in such a social background. Ehrlich's thought of habitual law was based on the thought of the customary law of the school of history, and influenced by the prevailing sociological theories and methods of research.
The content of Ehrlich's thought of customary law consists of two parts of the theoretical starting point and the form of expression. "Habit" and "law" are regarded as the theoretical starting point of Ehrlich's thought of customary law. Ehrlich believes that habit is an important part of the fact of law and an indispensable foundation of the order of social group. Habit is the bud of customary law and forms the habit. The predecessor of law. Ehrlich focuses on the functional sense of law and regards law as a social order. Ehrlich divides the forms of customary law into two kinds of rules of behavior and norms. First, the customary law is expressed in the form of behavior rules. In Ehrlich's view, British universal law is a model of customary law and embodies the British behavior. Secondly, the customary law is shown in the form of the norms of the referee. The rules of behavior are the affirmative expression of the customary law and the standard of judgment is the negative expression of the customary law. The characteristics of the thought of Ehrlich's customary law can be summed up in three aspects. First, in the process of discussing the thought of customary law, Ehrlich mainly adopted the history. The perspective of backtracking. This characteristic is fully reflected through the definition of the nature of the civil law in Rome. Second, Ehrlich has made a strong criticism of Savigny's thought of customary law. Third, Ehrlich's customary law emphasizes the role of the judge.
Ehrlich divides the law into three categories: state law, living law and law family law. To accurately grasp the connotation of his customary law thought, it is necessary to clarify the inner logical relationship between the three laws and the customary law. The relationship between the customary law and the state law is a kind of infiltration and restriction. The difference between the two is mainly reflected in the three aspects of the form condition, the content and the field of action. The relationship between the habit law and the living law is a relationship between inheritance and development. The thought of habitual law is the primary achievement of the study of Ehrlich's law. The thought of living law is the ultimate achievement of his legal thought. The difference between the two is mainly embodied in the content and meaning. The law of law and the law of the jurist are rooted in the society. The difference between them is mainly reflected in the forming time, content, function and nature.
The inspiration of Ehrlich's thought of customary law is divided into three parts: research method, theoretical evaluation and practical significance. Ehrlich used the research method of legal anthropology and established the research method of positivist sociology. Ehrlich's customary law has the most thorough anti state law nature. But his "habit law" is too broad to make customary law and The boundary between other social norms is blurred. What can not be ignored is that Ehrlich's thought of customary law also has strong psychological and social evolutionism, which makes it desalination of traditional ethics in values. Ehrlich emphasizes the use of judges to give full play to the discretion of the judges. But it is implemented to the reality. In addition, Ehrlich's thought of customary law is of great significance to the study of civil law that is being carried out at the moment in China.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D909.1

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