美国关税法337条款法律研究

发布时间：2018-06-08 09:59

本文选题：337条款 + 中国　；参考：《东北财经大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：美国337条款是美国《1930年关税法》最有名的第337节的简称。此条款制定的最初目的是为了打击美国进口贸易中存在的不公平竞争行为,但随着337条款在实际中的应用,其逐渐演变成为强调对知识产权进行保护的条款,并且成为美国企业打击国际竞争对手的一件有力武器。中国在近几年已然成为美国337调查最主要的打击对象。在337条款的发展过程中,其与WTO规则的一致性一直受到各界的质疑。各界学者划分为两大阵营,一方认为337条款并没有违反WTO规则,另一方认为337条款与WTO规则是冲突的,最起码违反了其国民待遇原则。笔者在此希望通过分析表达自己的一些观点,同时对中国企业今后在国际贸易中应对337调查方面提供一些启示。本文除导论和结语部分外共分为四个部分：导论部分简要说明了337条款在美国保护国内知识产权方面扮演的重要角色以及其应用和打击的广泛性。并且提出了目前国际社会对337条款在WTO下的合法性具有一定的争议强调了分析337条款及其合法性是具有一定的现实意义的。第一部分从337条款的产生演变过程及其特点对337条款进行了概述,并强调了由于其在美国保护国内知识产权上占据的重要作用以及我国逐渐成为其最大的受害国从而对其合法性进行分析是很有必要的。第二部分是整篇文章的主要部分之一,通过分析历史上涉及337条款的两大案件——1983年进口某些汽车弹簧零件案和1930年关税法第337节案,引出后文对337条款与GATT第3条第4款以及其与GATT第20条的关系分析。在1930年关税法第337节案中,专家组提出若干337条款与GATT规则不相符的意见,随后在1944年《乌拉圭回合协议法案》中,美国对337条款进行了修改,使337条款符合专家组报告的内容。但这一修改并没有从根本上消除进口货物与在美国国内生产的货物在知识产权保护方面的差别。随后围绕调查程序中的调查期限、反诉、排除禁口令、选择法院以及双重诉讼与重新诉讼等方面对337条款与WTO规则的一致性进行了分析。第三部分同样是整篇文章的主要部分。主要对337条款与TRIPs协议的一致性进行了分析。TRIPs协议第41条第2款的规定具有一定弹性因此难以判定337条款是否与之相符,除此之外337条款与TRIPs协议其它条款即第3条、第50条、第51条、第52条在总体上是相符的。但这一结论仅仅是从二者在条文字面上的意思来进行分析得出的,并没有深入到法律条款背后多蕴含的理念,也并没有从条款的应用会带来的实际后果来分析,因此难以保证由此而得出的结论是正确的。若要得出相对准确的结论需要从更多方面进行分析,如法律条款产生的渊源、条款修改的过程以及历史背景等,只有这样进行更加全面的分析才能得出一个客观正确的结论。第四部分从推翻337条款合法性难点出发从政府和企业两个发面分析了我国应对337条款的对策。其中消极应诉是我国企业在面对337调查时普遍存在的问题,这一问题有其存在的客观原因如应诉成本过高以及时间限制从而导致无法为应诉做准备等,但更多的是我国企业本身认识的原因。我国企业普遍对337条款认识存在不足,当面临337诉讼时往往不知所措,无从应对。因此提高企业对337条款的理解同时在政府的帮助下完善行业协会是应对337诉讼的有效措施。
[Abstract]:Article 337 of the United States is the abbreviation of the most famous article 337 of the U.S . Customs Law , 1930 . The original purpose of this clause is to crack down unfair competition in the U.S . import trade , but with the application of 337 clauses in practice , it has become a powerful weapon to emphasize the protection of intellectual property rights . In the course of the development of the 337 articles , China has become the most important target of U.S . enterprises to fight international rivals . In the course of the development of the 337 articles , the other party argues that the 337 articles are in conflict with the WTO rules and at least violate the principle of national treatment . The author hopes to provide some inspiration for the future research of Chinese enterprises in international trade in the future .

This paper is divided into four parts except the introduction and the conclusion part :

The introductory part briefly describes the important role played by 337 clauses in the protection of domestic intellectual property rights in the United States and the extensiveness of its application and strike .

The first part provides an overview of the 337 articles from the process of the evolution of the 337 articles and their characteristics , and highlights the importance of its important role in the protection of intellectual property rights in the United States and the fact that our country has become the largest injured State , so that it is necessary to analyze its legitimacy .

The second part is one of the main parts of the whole article . By analyzing the two major cases involving 337 clauses in the history and Section 337 of the 1930 Customs Law , the Group makes a few 337 articles and Article 337 of the 1930 Customs Law . In the section 337 of the 1930 Customs Law , the Group made a number of 337 articles which are inconsistent with the GATT rules . However , the amendment does not fundamentally eliminate the differences in the protection of intellectual property rights of imported goods and goods produced in the United States .

The third part is also the main part of the whole article . The article analyses the consistency of the 337 clauses and TRIPs agreement . In addition , it is difficult to determine whether the clause 337 is in conformity with the provisions of Article 41 , paragraph 2 , of TRIPs Agreement . However , the conclusion is correct . In order to get a relatively accurate conclusion , it is necessary to analyze from more aspects , such as the origin of the legal provisions , the process of the modification of the terms and the historical background , so that a more comprehensive analysis can be made to arrive at an objective and correct conclusion .

The fourth part analyzes the countermeasures of the 337 clauses from both the government and the enterprise in the face of the difficulties of the legality of the 337 clause .
【学位授予单位】：东北财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D971.2;DD912.2

【参考文献】