以美国法律为视角探究“碳关税”在WTO体制下的合法性

发布时间：2018-06-19 06:17

本文选题：碳关税 + 边境调节税　；参考：《华东政法大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：全球气候问题越来越严重,各国寄希望于哥本哈根气候大会能形成有效的解决此问题的办法,并希望在此次大会上进一步确认2012年前各国应承担的减排责任,但其无果而终。无疑,美国和欧盟作为排放大国理应采取措施切实地承担减排义务。事实是,在美国尽管奥巴马政府态度积极,并宣布将在2020年前减排17%,但国会之前的态度却一直不明朗,甚至否决了2008年意在具体规定如何减排的《利伯曼-沃纳气候议案》。目前,欧盟已经有了较为详细的碳排放交易制度,2009年美国的《清洁能源与安全法案》通过,并确立了其“总量管制与交易制度”。然而,不管是欧盟的“碳排放交易制度”还是美国目前的“总量管制与交易制度”,都要求其国内的进口商根据其进口的产品生产过程中排放的CO2量支付相应的税费,即所谓的“碳关税”。但是,发展中国家并不认为美国的这种“碳关税”可以对全球气候变化起到作用,相反,他们普遍认为这实际上是美国等发达国家在新的国际环境下采取的一种新型贸易壁垒,是贸易保护主义的新体现。因此,本文将通过研究美国2008年的《利伯曼-沃纳气候议案》来检验美国的“碳关税”在WTO法律框架下的合法性。这对于我国政府应对美国等发达国家的“碳关税”将对产生的消极影响具有非常重要的指导意义。而且,本文通过分析后得出结论认为:美国的“碳关税”违反WTO的基本原则和规定。本文按照以下机构进行论述:第一部分介绍了碳关税产生的背景及相关的概念。第二部分分析了美国2008年《利伯曼-沃纳气候议案》及《美国清洁能源与安全法案》中关于“碳关税”的具体制度设计。第三部分作为重点部分集中论述了美国“碳关税”与WTO基本原则及具体规定的冲突及表现。第四部分通过前面章节的论述探讨了“碳关税”可能会对我国产生的影响及我国可采取的应对策略。本文在最后的结论部分阐述观点,即“碳关税”在WTO法律框架下不具有合法性。
[Abstract]:The global climate problem is getting worse, and the hope is that the Copenhagen climate conference will produce an effective solution to the problem, and hope to further confirm the responsibility of countries to reduce emissions by 2012, but in vain. There is no doubt that the United States and the European Union, as big emitters, should take measures to meet their emission reduction obligations. The fact is that in the United States, despite the Obama administration's positive attitude and its announcement that it will cut emissions by 17 by 2020, congressional attitudes remain unclear, even vetoing the 2008 Lieberman-Werner climate bill, which is intended to specify how to cut emissions. At present, the European Union has a more detailed carbon trading system, the 2009 U. S. Clean Energy and Security Act passed, and established its "Total Control and Trading system." However, both the European Union's "carbon emissions trading system" and the current "total quantity control and trading system" in the United States require domestic importers to pay corresponding taxes and fees according to the amount of CO2 emitted during the production of imported products. The so-called "carbon tariff". However, developing countries do not think that the "carbon tariffs" of the United States can contribute to global climate change. On the contrary, they generally believe that this is actually a new type of trade barrier adopted by developed countries such as the United States in the new international environment. It is a new manifestation of trade protectionism. Therefore, this paper will examine the validity of the carbon tariff of the United States under the WTO legal framework by studying the 2008 Lieberman-Werner Climate Bill. This will have a very important guiding significance for our government to deal with the "carbon tariff" of developed countries such as the United States. Furthermore, the paper concludes that the carbon tariff of the United States violates the basic principles and regulations of WTO. This paper discusses the following institutions: the first part introduces the background and related concepts of carbon tariff. The second part analyzes the system design of carbon tariff in the 2008 Lieberman-Werner Climate Act and the Clean Energy and Security Act of the United States. The third part focuses on the conflict and manifestation between American carbon tariff and WTO basic principles and regulations. The fourth part discusses the possible impact of carbon tariff on China and the countermeasures adopted by our country. In the final part of the conclusion, this paper expounds the viewpoint that carbon tariff has no legitimacy under WTO legal framework.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D971.2;DD912.29;D996.1

【引证文献】