清代立嗣继承若干问题研究

发布时间：2018-06-19 16:15

本文选题：清代 + 宗祧继承　；参考：《郑州大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：自从西周时期建立了宗法制度,立嗣继承就作为社会习俗登上了历史舞台,最初是为了保证贵族家庭的身份继承问题。立嗣的出现起到了维护贵族大家庭等级制度的作用。秦汉以后,古老的世袭贵族统治秩序崩溃了。宗族散尽,人人各自为宗,作为宗祧继承保障手段的立嗣继承深入到所有百姓家庭,无论大宗、小宗都可以通过立嗣的方式来解决宗祧继承问题。在中国传统的立嗣继承制度中,选立的嗣子必须是同宗昭穆相当之人且不准收养异姓为嗣是一个基本原则。自唐律第一次将“立嫡违法”作为律文写入国家大法之后,立嗣继承的内容就成为国家成文法典关注的对象,以后的各王朝基本都有不同的补充,到清王朝时达到了相当完备的程度。在清代,如果一个家庭没有男性后代,通常情况下就是通过立嗣来确保家庭的宗祧继承。但在实践中,这一情况是极为复杂的,国家法律与社会习俗之间的相互影响和作用,使清代的立嗣继承呈现出千姿百态的面貌。本文对清代立嗣继承宗祧这一现象的描述和分析,希望能全面、真实地展现出清代立嗣继承的全景。在引言部分,主要交代了课题的选择和意义,解决了有关立嗣继承的相关问题,以便后文直接对清代立嗣继承制度展开论述,并回顾了与清代立嗣相关的学术研究。在文章正文第一部分,首先对清代立嗣继承制度进行了全面的介绍。从有关立嗣继承的法律规定到立嗣继承的内容和方式,其系统化和完备化程度可见一斑。第二部分重点对清代立嗣主体与立嗣对象的相关问题进行了研究,并对清代的异性继承问题进行了全方位的考察。第三部分是从实践中具体的立嗣继承判例入手,揭示出国家成文法律与民间习俗之间的互动关系。清代的立嗣继承法律的制定是逐渐调整和不断完善的过程,在这一过程中地方官的司法实践起了推动作用。通过法律与民间习俗的互动使得清代关于立嗣继承的法律达到了最完备的程度。第四部分对清代立嗣继承法律对后世的影响进行了分析。它对清末民初的两次民律草案和南京国民政府时期有关立嗣继承的立法产生了深刻的影响。结语部分就立嗣继承的重要意义进行了归纳总结,并揭示出现代社会法律与社会习俗的良性互动依然具有重要意义。
[Abstract]:Since the establishment of patriarchal clan system in the Western Zhou Dynasty, the inheritance of heir as a social custom ascended the stage of history, initially to ensure the status inheritance of the aristocratic family. The appearance of heir played a role in the maintenance of the aristocratic family hierarchy. After the Qin and Han dynasties, the ancient hereditary aristocracy broke down. Clan scattered, everyone for each of the clan, as a means of clan inheritance protection means of inheritance to all people's families, regardless of the bulk, the small clan can be through the way of heirs to solve the issue of inheritance of the clan. In the traditional Chinese system of heir succession, it is a basic principle that the elected heir must be of the same lineage and be not allowed to adopt a different surname as an heir. Since the Tang Dynasty first wrote "the law against the law" as a legal document, the content of the inheritance of the heir has become the object of concern in the National document Code, and the later dynasties basically have different supplements. By the time of the Qing Dynasty, it was quite complete. In the Qing Dynasty, if a family had no male offspring, it was usually through heirs to ensure the inheritance of the clan. However, in practice, this situation is extremely complex, the national laws and social customs of the interaction and role, so that the succession of the Qing Dynasty presents a variety of features. This paper describes and analyzes the phenomenon of heir succession in Qing Dynasty, hoping to show the panorama of succession of heir in Qing Dynasty. In the preface part, it mainly explains the choice and significance of the subject, solves the related problems about the succession of the heir, so as to discuss directly the inheritance system of the Qing Dynasty, and reviews the academic research related to the succession of the heir in the Qing Dynasty. In the first part of the article, the inheritance system of the Qing Dynasty is introduced. The degree of systematization and perfection can be seen from the legal provisions on heir succession to the contents and methods of succession. The second part focuses on the Qing Dynasty heirs and the object of the relevant issues, and the issue of heterosexual inheritance in the Qing Dynasty has been comprehensively investigated. The third part reveals the interactive relationship between national written law and folk customs. The enactment of inheritance law in Qing Dynasty was a process of gradual adjustment and continuous improvement, in which the judicial practice of local officials played a driving role. Through the interaction of law and folk custom, the law on inheritance of heir in Qing Dynasty reached the most complete degree. The fourth part analyzes the influence of inheritance law of Qing Dynasty on later generations. It had a profound influence on the two drafts of the people's Law in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China and the legislation on the succession of heirs during the period of Nanjing National Government. The conclusion part summarizes the significance of inheritance, and reveals that the positive interaction between modern social law and social customs is still of great significance.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D929;D923

【参考文献】