主权概念的罗马法渊源

发布时间：2018-06-27 15:27

本文选题：主权 + 罗马法　；参考：《中央民族大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：本论文旨在研究罗马法对博丹提出主权概念的影响,这种影响既包括罗马法本身的文本,也包括博丹之前的法学家围绕着罗马法所展开的研究和评注。任何一个理论学说的提出都有其背后的思想传统为铺垫,在这方面博丹也不例外。本文考察了罗马法在12世纪西欧中世纪复兴之后,众多罗马法学家,包括注释法学家和人文主义法学家,利用罗马法的原理和概念,对自己的政治主张和现实政治所作的辩护,正是在这多重的理论阐释和相互感染中,孕育出来作为现代政治和国家核心的主权概念。本论文主体结构分为五章。第一章介绍了本论文的选题意义、研究动态和研究方法。第二章对论文的整体思路和选取的论题作了说明。第三章、第四章分别介绍了注释法学派(包括后注释法学派)和人文主义法学派对于罗马法的相关概念的研究成果,这种研究一方面加深了人们对罗马法的研究和认识,另一方面也为博丹的理论创新积累了文献,提供了众多素材。第三章开头提出了所有问题的由来,即洛泰尔和阿佐对于merum imperium这一罗马法概念的解释的争议,这个看似技术化的解释问题,由于牵涉到最终权力的归属和划分问题,成为以后诸多法学家争相关注并予以解决的理论难题之一。注释法学家,尤其是以巴尔多鲁为代表的后注释法学派,认为merum imperium是可以在不同层级的官员之间分享的政治权力,这种解释由于适应了当时欧洲的封建体制,从而在一段时期之内成为通说,同时这种解释也成为中世纪宪政主义的经典阐释。但随着两欧君主力量的逐渐增强,权力分散的封建体制日益让步于权力集中的近代国家体制,伴随着这一现实过程的,是法学家对merum imperium含义注释的相应改变,这正是法国的人文主义法学派所而临的问题。这种问题意识经过诸如杜摩兰这些法学家的转承,最终为博丹所延续和继承,而以其主权概念的丰满和完善为终结。本论文使用的是文本分析和历史分析相结合的研究方法,但以文本分析为主,只在部分地方涉及文本背后的历史社会背景。区别于以往历史学和政治理论、政治哲学对主权概念的分析框架,本论文基于法律一政治的视角,通过分析众多法学家的罗马法注释,力图揭示法学家以及法律对于政治的塑造作用,从而一方面间接否定了以司法为思考中心的现代实证主义法学,另一方面力图突破以往的成文法宪政主义视角,探寻一国的“绝对宪法"之所在。
[Abstract]:The purpose of this thesis is to study the influence of Roman law on Bodan's concept of sovereignty, which includes not only the text of Roman law itself, but also the research and commentary on Roman law carried out by former jurists. Any theory is put forward with the ideological tradition behind it, and Bodan is no exception in this respect. After the revival of Roman law in the Middle Ages of Western Europe in the 12th century, this paper examines how many Roman jurists, including annotated jurists and humanist jurists, use the principles and concepts of Roman law to defend their own political claims and realistic politics. It is in this multiple theoretical interpretation and mutual infection that the concept of sovereignty as the core of modern politics and state is conceived. The main structure of this paper is divided into five chapters. The first chapter introduces the significance of this paper, research trends and research methods. The second chapter explains the whole idea and the selected topic of the thesis. Chapter three, chapter four introduces the research achievements of the annotated school (including the post-annotating school) and the humanist school on the related concepts of Roman law. On the one hand, this kind of research deepens the research and understanding of Roman law. On the other hand, it also accumulates the literature for Bodan's theoretical innovation and provides a lot of materials. The third chapter begins with the origin of all the problems, namely, the controversy between Lothell and Azo over the interpretation of the Roman law concept of merum imperium, a seemingly technical interpretation problem, which involves the attribution and division of the ultimate power. It has become one of the theoretical problems that many jurists pay close attention to and solve. The annotated jurists, especially the post-annotation school represented by Baldoru, thought that merum imperium was a political power that could be shared among officials at different levels, an explanation adapted to the feudal system in Europe at that time. Thus it became a general theory in a period of time, and it also became a classical interpretation of medieval constitutionalism. However, with the gradual strengthening of the powers of the monarchs of the two Europe, the decentralized feudal system gradually gave way to the modern state system of centralized power, which was accompanied by a corresponding change in the interpretation of the meaning of merum imperium by jurists. This is precisely the French humanist legal school and the problem. This kind of problem consciousness was transferred by jurists such as Dumoran, and eventually continued and inherited by Bodan, and ended with the fullness and perfection of his concept of sovereignty. This thesis uses the research method of combining text analysis and historical analysis, but mainly on text analysis, only involves the historical and social background behind the text in some places. Different from the historical and political theories and the analytical framework of political philosophy to the concept of sovereignty, this paper is based on the perspective of law and politics, through the analysis of many jurists' Roman law annotations. It tries to reveal the role of jurists and law in shaping politics, thus indirectly denying the modern positivism law centered on judicature on the one hand, and trying to break through the perspective of constitutional constitutionalism in the past on the other hand. Find out where the absolute Constitution of a country lies.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D904.1

【参考文献】