《大宪章》成因考

发布时间：2018-06-29 02:26

本文选题：《大宪章》 + 中世纪英国　；参考：《法学家》2017年01期

【摘要】：诞生于1215年的英国《大宪章》,八百多年来饱受赞誉和争议。贬之者谓其"不过是人们心中一部古老的封建法律",褒之者则誉其为西方宪政、民主、法治和人权的滥觞。从1215年的危机与《大宪章》的签订,以及催生《大宪章》的政治、宗教、财税与司法等因素之角度分析,可知《大宪章》的诞生是中世纪英国各种偶然事件与必然社会发展之多种复杂因素交互作用的产物。对比同时期的中国、俄罗斯、法国,《大宪章》具有独特的民族特色、时代特征和社会基础,具有不可复制性。《大宪章》的"神话",部分在于其63条文本的解释潜力,部分在于中世纪英国的特殊国情,其本质是国家治理中各种权力的制约与平衡。这是《大宪章》至近代资产阶级革命时期大受欢迎的原因,也是其永恒的价值所在。
[Abstract]:The British Magna Carta, born in 1215, has been acclaimed and controversial for more than 800 years. The derogators call it "only an ancient feudal law in people's hearts", while those who praise it are the origin of Western constitutionalism, democracy, rule of law and human rights. From the perspective of the crisis of 1215 and the signing of the Magna Carta, as well as the political, religious, fiscal and judicial factors that gave birth to the Magna Carta, It can be seen that the birth of Magna Carta is the result of the interaction between various accidental events and inevitable social development in medieval England. Compared with China, Russia, France, and Magna Carta of the same period, the Magna Carta has unique national characteristics, characteristics of the times and social foundation, and it has the inreplicable nature. Part of the "myth" of the Magna Carta lies in the interpretation potential of its 63 texts. Part of it lies in the special national conditions of medieval England, whose essence is the restriction and balance of various powers in national governance. This is the reason why Magna Carta became popular during the period from Magna Carta to the modern bourgeois revolution, and the eternal value of Magna Carta.
【作者单位】：华东政法大学法律文明史研究院;华东政法大学;上海市第一中级人民法院;
【基金】：国家社科基金2011年度重大项目“法律文明史”(11&ZD081)第1个子课题“法律文明的起源”的阶段性成果
【分类号】：D956.1;DD911

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